{
  "schemaVersion": "1.4.0",
  "language": "en",
  "slug": "youtube-llc",
  "brandKey": "youtubellc",
  "canonicalName": "YouTube",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://brand.com/brand-wiki/youtube-llc",
  "jsonUrl": "https://brand.com/brand-wiki/youtube-llc/json",
  "markdownUrl": "https://brand.com/brand-wiki/youtube-llc/md",
  "name": "YouTube",
  "oneLiner": "A global video-sharing, streaming, creator, and digital-media platform.",
  "summary": "YouTube is an American online video-sharing and streaming platform operated by Google LLC and ultimately owned by Alphabet Inc. It enables individuals, creators, media companies, artists, educators, public institutions, and brands to upload, distribute, discover, livestream, monetize, and discuss audiovisual content. Its catalog spans music videos, news, commentary, documentaries, educational material, podcasts, video essays, gaming, sports, entertainment clips, films, television programming, product demonstrations, vlogs, short-form videos, and user-generated live broadcasts.\n\nThe service was founded in February 2005 by former PayPal employees Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim. The founders initially explored a video-based dating concept, but the service quickly evolved into a general-purpose video-hosting site after they encountered the difficulty of finding and sharing online video. The domain was registered on February 14, 2005, and the first publicly recognized upload, Jawed Karim's “Me at the zoo,” was posted in April 2005. Early growth was driven by the ease of embedding and sharing clips, rapidly improving broadband access, viral circulation of user uploads, and the platform's ability to host material that traditional broadcasters did not distribute online.\n\nGoogle announced its acquisition of YouTube in October 2006 and completed the transaction in November of that year for approximately $1.65 billion in Google stock. Under Google ownership, YouTube expanded from a largely advertising-supported website into a broad digital-media ecosystem. Google integrated advertising technologies, including AdSense-related monetization tools, while also developing creator revenue sharing, premium subscriptions, music services, live-streaming products, connected-TV applications, and original programming initiatives. The platform's long-running “Broadcast Yourself” positioning helped establish the idea that ordinary users could operate channels with global reach, while later business development increasingly combined professional media, creator businesses, and subscription entertainment.\n\nYouTube's principal service remains the free, advertising-supported YouTube platform. Its surrounding product family includes YouTube Premium, which provides an ad-free viewing experience and additional features; YouTube Music, focused on music discovery and streaming; YouTube Kids, designed with child-oriented controls and content presentation; YouTube Shorts, a short-form vertical-video product; and YouTube TV, a separately packaged internet television service available in supported markets. YouTube also supports livestreaming, channel memberships, Super Chat, Super Thanks, advertising revenue sharing, content identification and rights-management systems, podcasts, shopping-related features, and distribution across mobile devices, computers, smart televisions, game consoles, and other connected devices.\n\nThe platform has become a major cultural and economic institution. It has helped create globally recognized online personalities, independent production companies, music careers, educational communities, political-media operations, and new forms of advertising and sponsorship. It is also a substantial business for Alphabet. Alphabet reported YouTube advertising revenue of $31.7 billion for 2023, and later stated that combined YouTube advertising and subscription revenue exceeded a $50 billion annual run rate during 2024. Alphabet reported that YouTube's annual revenue across advertising and subscriptions surpassed $60 billion in 2025. These figures are reported at the Alphabet level and do not represent a separately listed YouTube company.\n\nYouTube's scale has produced persistent governance challenges. The service has faced disputes over copyright enforcement, accusations that recommendation systems can amplify misinformation or extremist material, criticism of moderation and demonetization decisions, concerns about children's safety and privacy, and disagreements with creators, advertisers, rights holders, regulators, and device manufacturers. The company has responded with automated detection, human review, policy changes, age and audience controls, information panels, content-removal procedures, creator guidelines, and specialized children's products. Its continued importance rests on a hybrid model that combines open publishing, algorithmic discovery, advertising, subscriptions, professional media licensing, and creator monetization.",
  "aliases": [
    "YouTube LLC"
  ],
  "entityType": "corporate_brand",
  "l1Slug": "communication-services",
  "l1": "Communication Services",
  "l2Slug": "media-entertainment",
  "l2": "Media & Entertainment",
  "l3Slug": "entertainment",
  "l3": "Entertainment",
  "l4Slug": "streaming",
  "l4": "Video Streaming Platforms",
  "country": "United States",
  "headquarters": "San Bruno, California, United States",
  "operatingMarkets": [
    "Global, except jurisdictions where the service is blocked or unavailable"
  ],
  "foundedYear": 2005,
  "founder": "Chad Hurley · Steve Chen · Jawed Karim",
  "website": "http://youtube.com",
  "websiteHost": "youtube.com",
  "parentCompany": "Google LLC",
  "owner": "Alphabet Inc.",
  "groupOrHouse": null,
  "listedStatus": "public_company_brand",
  "ticker": null,
  "status": "active",
  "enrichmentStatus": "rich_ok",
  "typicalProducts": [
    "YouTube video-sharing platform",
    "YouTube livestreaming",
    "YouTube Shorts",
    "YouTube Music",
    "YouTube Premium",
    "YouTube Kids",
    "YouTube TV",
    "Creator monetization and channel tools",
    "Content identification and rights-management services"
  ],
  "flagshipOfferings": [
    "YouTube",
    "YouTube Premium",
    "YouTube Music",
    "YouTube Shorts",
    "YouTube Kids",
    "YouTube TV"
  ],
  "positioning": "A global, mass-market video and streaming ecosystem connecting user-generated creators, professional media, advertisers, music companies, educators, livestreamers, and audiences across web, mobile, and connected television.",
  "sameAs": [
    "http://youtube.com"
  ],
  "claimStatus": "unverified",
  "wikiVerified": false,
  "updatedAt": "2026-11-04T06:45:37.812Z",
  "generatedAt": "2026-10-07T13:42:19.376Z",
  "executives": [
    {
      "name": "Neal Mohan",
      "title": "Chief Executive Officer",
      "isCurrent": true,
      "startYear": 2023,
      "endYear": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Susan Wojcicki",
      "title": "Chief Executive Officer",
      "isCurrent": false,
      "startYear": 2014,
      "endYear": 2023
    },
    {
      "name": "Salar Kamangar",
      "title": "Chief Executive Officer",
      "isCurrent": false,
      "startYear": 2010,
      "endYear": 2014
    },
    {
      "name": "Chad Hurley",
      "title": "Chief Executive Officer and later adviser",
      "isCurrent": false,
      "startYear": 2005,
      "endYear": 2010
    }
  ],
  "news": [
    {
      "headline": "Polsat and YouTube announce content partnership in Poland",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-28",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "Polsat and YouTube announced a strategic partnership that will give YouTube users in Poland access to thousands of hours of content from the Polsat Television library. Polsat Media will also let marketers extend advertising campaigns around Polsat programmes to YouTube through a direct purchase.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.advanced-television.com/2026/10/28/poland-polsat-tv-partners-with-youtube/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube partners with IIFA for 2027 awards streaming",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube has partnered with IIFA to stream the 2027 awards worldwide. The collaboration will also include creator partnerships, digital watch parties, behind-the-scenes content and other programming during IIFA Week.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/youtube-partners-with-iifa-for-global-streaming-of-2027-awards-zee-remains-broadcast-partner/articleshow/135141515.cms"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube clarifies dislike-button interface changes",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-22",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-22",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube clarified that the menu-based dislike-button layout applies to creators viewing their own uploaded videos and denied testing concealment of the button for regular viewers. The creator-facing interface update is expected to roll out over the coming weeks.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.itechpost.com/articles/237619/20261022/youtube-addresses-dislike-button-controversy-amid-interface-changes.htm"
    },
    {
      "headline": "AliExpress expands YouTube affiliate marketing partnership",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-21",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "AliExpress expanded the scope of its affiliate marketing partnership with YouTube to cover the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Brazil.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2026-10-21/doc-inivxvuv6284933.shtml"
    },
    {
      "headline": "GoPay payment option added for YouTube subscriptions in Indonesia",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-20",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "GoPay launched its payment option for YouTube Premium and YouTube Music subscriptions in Indonesia through a collaboration with YouTube.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.marketing-interactive.com/gopay-launches-first-ewallet-for-youtube-subscriptions-in-id"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube rolls out AI label in YouTube Music for AI-generated tracks",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-15",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube has rolled out a new AI label in YouTube Music for tracks that have primarily been made with generative AI. The labels appear directly on the music player page, and listeners can tap the label to access a menu with additional information about the track. The feature will also expand to the main YouTube app. To identify AI-generated music, YouTube is working with its music industry partners and using its own detection tools.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://themobileindian.com/news/youtube-rolls-out-ai-label-in-youtube-music-for-ai-generated-tracks"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube reportedly in talks with publishers to develop audiobook feature, weighing Premium bundling with possible 2027 launch",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, reported that Google's YouTube has for the past few months been in talks with publishers to develop an audiobook feature that could launch in 2027 and is being considered for inclusion in the ad-free YouTube Premium subscription; if launched, YouTube would enter the audiobook market led by Spotify and Amazon's Audible. How audiobooks would be presented on the platform and whether individual titles would be charged separately remain undecided, and YouTube declined to comment.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/92655/youtube-audiobooks-premium-spotify-audible"
    },
    {
      "headline": "BBC News channel launches live on YouTube for viewers in the UK and US",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-15",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "The BBC made its BBC News channel available to stream live on YouTube for viewers in the UK and US, beginning a trial on Thursday 15 October 2026 that BBC executives described as a significant step in expanding access to its journalism. The channel was already available to YouTube viewers in Australia, Kenya, Nigeria and Poland, and the move forms part of the BBC's strategy to reach digitally-native, younger audiences.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c60merk2je80o"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google rolls out Ask YouTube conversational AI search on mobile in the US",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-10-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google announced that it is rolling out its conversational AI search tool Ask YouTube on mobile devices for Android and iOS users in the US, allowing users to ask complex queries, refine with follow-up questions, and receive results in an interactive format, including voice command support. The feature was first announced at Google I/O 2026 and previously released on TV earlier in the year; it is now available across the web, mobile devices and TVs in the US. The company also plans to bring the experience directly to watch pages for Shorts and live streams.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://themobileindian.com/news/google-rolls-out-ask-youtube-on-mobile"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Siddaramaiah files defamation suit against 42 media organisations and digital platforms over honey-trap videos",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-10-13",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Former Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah has filed a defamation suit before the Bengaluru City Civil and Sessions Court against 42 defendants, including Freedom TV Kannada, the YouTube channel Karnataka Honey Trap, WhatsApp, YouTube LLC, Google India, Yahoo India and Facebook India, seeking to restrain publication of two videos allegedly linking him to a honey-trap controversy and to have the content removed and access disabled. He contends the material lacks independently verifiable evidence, alleges the timing and commentary were intended to bring him into public disrepute, and categorically denies the insinuations as false and baseless. The judge reserved orders on the interim application on Monday (October 12, 2026), with the order to be pronounced on October 13, 2026.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/ex-cm-siddaramaiah-sues-media-organisations-over-honey-trap-allegations"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Meta and YouTube to run ads for 'Musk' documentary after earlier refusals",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-26",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Meta and YouTube say they will accept advertising for director Alex Gibney's upcoming documentary 'Musk' about Elon Musk, following earlier reporting that TikTok, Meta, YouTube and X had refused to run paid ads promoting the film's trailer.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/26/meta-says-it-will-run-ads-for-musk-documentary-after-all/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube enters the microdrama space",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Fast Company reports that YouTube is getting in on the microdrama craze, marking the platform's move into microdrama content.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiigFBVV95cUxQVXRRX04wWFBQT3BxS01ObVN1RlFVU21NbGo1MWo4YzBOdzd4YU5NYlVKbU1ja0xSTnB0MV9obnZybF9yTDl3MEIxcldqQ190ZU00eERSclpfU2JZalU3UDNhTm8ydGRTajhGRWZDTkFISWEzZWdiZnlxbzBaZzJ6OHpMbV9SYWtfWHc?oc=5"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces AI-powered custom feeds feature built with Gemini",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-09-23",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube on Wednesday announced a new feature called custom feeds that lets users describe, in their own words, the kinds of videos they want recommended, and uses Gemini to build a personalized feed around the request.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/23/youtube-will-let-you-build-your-own-algorithm-with-ai/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube unveils new AI-powered creator tools including video A/B testing, dynamic thumbnails, and live dubbing",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-09-23",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube on Wednesday unveiled a set of new creator tools, including video A/B testing, dynamic thumbnails, and live dubbing, many of which use generative AI. The new Ask Studio feature allows creators to share draft videos with AI to get personalized feedback based on their previous content and user comments, propose alternative titles and thumbnail options, and analyze channel analytics; Ask Studio is also expanding to YouTube's mobile apps.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/23/youtube-adds-new-creator-tools-like-video-a-b-testing-dynamic-thumbnails-and-live-dubbing/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces new AI features for creators in YouTube Studio at Made on YouTube event",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced at its Made on YouTube annual event new AI tools for YouTube Studio, including expanding the Ask Studio AI-powered Q&A feature to iOS and Android, AI-generated feedback on unpublished video drafts covering pacing, structure, and storytelling, dynamic thumbnail creation, and a new research feed showing creators what kind of content is working on the platform.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/23/youtube-releases-new-ai-features-for-creators-within-its-studio-app/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces Shorts Series feature bringing episodic viewing to Shorts",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-09-23",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "At its Made On YouTube event on Wednesday, YouTube announced \"Shorts Series,\" a new feature that lets creators organize their Shorts into TV-style seasons and episodes, complete with custom thumbnails and playback.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/23/youtubes-new-short-series-feature-brings-episodic-viewing-to-shorts/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube updates Ask YouTube AI feature to become a shopping companion",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-09-23",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced at its Made on YouTube event on Wednesday that its AI-powered conversational search feature Ask YouTube will become a shopping companion capable of helping users compare products as they shop, building on the feature's existing natural-language search capabilities.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/23/youtube-doubles-down-on-video-shopping-with-ai-powered-ask-youtube-feature/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube expands testing of AI Custom Feeds with up to 8 personalized feeds",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2026-08-26",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube is expanding testing of its Custom Feeds feature, which lets users type text prompts to build personalized video feeds instead of relying solely on the existing recommendation algorithm. Testers can maintain up to 8 active feeds and edit their prompts at any time; the test remains limited to logged-in users in the United States with English device language and watch history enabled, across Android, iOS and desktop.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://ai.ettoday.net/news/3226252"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube launches Avenues series for underrepresented rap talent",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-08-19",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-08-12",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube is launching a new series called Avenues, hosted by Wallo267 and YouTube Artist Partnerships lead Brittany Lewis, designed to give underrepresented rap talent tools, mentorship, and industry access. The first episode drops August 19 and features artists including DaBaby, Concrete Boys, Rich The Kid, and Bun B.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.complex.com/music/a/dimassanfiorenzo/wallo-avenues-youtube-series"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Green Day launches 24/7 YouTube channel Green Day TV",
      "year": 2026,
      "eventDate": "2026-08-06",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2026-08-11",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Green Day launched Green Day TV, a 24/7 YouTube channel streaming music videos, live performances, and more than 100 hours of previously unseen footage, on Aug. 6, 2026. The channel will also debut a weekly variety show hosted by drummer Tré Cool.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://wmgk.com/2026/08/11/green-day-launches-24-7-youtube-channel-with-film-and-variety-show-on-the-way/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "OPEN MINDS announces new YouTube channel",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-03-28",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-03-28",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "OPEN MINDS announced that its OPEN MINDS Circle On-Demand YouTube channel would launch on April 1 with 85 sessions. The sessions feature case studies, best-practice presentations, and discussions on industry trends.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/open-minds-launches-new-youtube-channel--open-minds-circle-on-demand-301511816.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "OEJ Novelty launches product-demo YouTube channel",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-03-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-03-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "OEJ Novelty/Our Erotic Journey launched a YouTube channel featuring demonstration videos and introductions to its products.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://avn.com/press/novelty/oej-novelty-launches-youtube-channel-for-its-products-130977"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Square Enix launches music channel on YouTube",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-03-09",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-03-09",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Square Enix launched its Square Enix Music channel on YouTube and YouTube Music, featuring around 5,500 tracks and mixes from its games.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "http://www.shacknews.com/article/129225/square-enix-music-channel-launches-on-youtube-with-over-5500-licensed-tracks"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Square Enix launches official music channel",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-03-09",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-03-09",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Square Enix launched the Square Enix Music Channel on YouTube, offering music from its game franchises along with playlists and remixes.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.destructoid.com/square-enix-launches-official-music-youtube-live-performance-soundtracks-remix/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces planned creator-tool improvements",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-02-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-02-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube said it would continue investing in Shorts, Live, and video on demand during 2022, and planned to introduce collaborative livestreaming. The article reports these as planned updates, not completed launches.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://iol.co.za/technology/mobile-apps/2022-02-14-youtube-launches-more-creator-tools-to-rival-tiktok-and-instagram/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "ABS-CBN and YouTube announce series partnership",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-02-08",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-02-07",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "ABS-CBN announced a partnership with YouTube to develop and produce the original series “How to Move On in 30 Days,” which the source says will stream exclusively on YouTube.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/02/08/2159222/abs-cbn-partners-youtube"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Krafton sues over Free Fire distribution",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-01-15",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-01-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Krafton filed a lawsuit in the United States against Apple, Google and others concerning the distribution of Free Fire and Free Fire MAX. Krafton alleges the games infringe its copyrights and says it had asked Apple and Google to stop distributing and selling them; the article says the companies had not responded as far as was known.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://houstonianonline.com/pubg-developer-sues-apple-and-google-for-distributing-a-clone-game/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Krafton sues Garena, Apple, Google and YouTube over alleged game copying",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-01-10",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-01-13",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Krafton filed a U.S. lawsuit against Garena, Apple, Google and YouTube alleging copyright infringement involving Garena's Free Fire games and the hosting or distribution of related material. The allegations are claims, not a court determination. Garena called Krafton's claims groundless.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/13/pubg-mobile-maker-krafton-sues-apple-google-and-rival-game-developer-garena-over-clones/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "French regulator fines Google over cookie tracking",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-01-06",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-01-06",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "France's data protection regulator CNIL fined Google €150 million, saying users found it difficult to refuse cookie tracking. Google was required to provide French internet users with an easier way to refuse tracking and obtain consent before tracking.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2022-01-06/doc-ikyamrmz3545700.shtml"
    },
    {
      "headline": "France fines Google and Facebook over cookie consent practices",
      "year": 2022,
      "eventDate": "2022-01-06",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2022-01-06",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "France's CNIL fined Google €150 million and Facebook €60 million, determining that their sites did not make refusing cookies as easy as accepting them. Google said it would change its practices in accordance with the decision.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.dw.com/en/france-fines-google-facebook-over-cookies/a-60345633"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Charana TV receives Silver YouTube Creator Award",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2021-11-17",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "SLT-MOBITEL announced that its Charana TV channel had received the Silver YouTube Creator Award, which recognizes channels surpassing 100,000 subscribers while maintaining quality content. The source does not state the date the award was received.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://island.lk/charana-tv-achieves-silver-youtube-creator-award/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Stadia adds 4K streaming to YouTube",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-11-16",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-11-16",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Stadia added support for streaming gameplay directly to YouTube in 4K resolution, with up to 60 frames per second and HDR.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.androidcentral.com/stadia-rolls-out-4k-streaming-support-on-youtube"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube rolls out “New to you” feed",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-10-25",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-10-25",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube rolled out a personalized “New to you” tab on its homepage across mobile, desktop and TV devices, presenting content from channels viewers had not previously encountered.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/25/youtube-rolls-out-personalized-new-to-you-feed-to-help-users-discover-content/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Club Wyndham South Pacific launches a YouTube travel channel",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-10-25",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-10-25",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Club Wyndham South Pacific launched Club Wyndham TV on YouTube, making its curated travel-video playlists available to viewers and subscribers beyond its club members.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://fnarena.com/2021/10/25/club-wyndham-south-pacific-launches-travel-channel-on-youtube/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Lady Freethinker sues YouTube over animal-abuse videos",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-10-18",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-10-19",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Animal-rights charity Lady Freethinker filed a lawsuit against YouTube, claiming the platform failed in its duty to remove videos of animal abuse. YouTube said it prohibits such content, described policy changes and enforcement efforts, and said it had removed hundreds of thousands of videos and terminated thousands of channels that year.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.businessinsider.com/youtube-lawsuit-animal-abuse-charity-lady-freethinker-sues-2021-10"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Sony Pictures Television launches Fearless Food YouTube channel",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "Sony Pictures Television launched the Fearless Food YouTube channel, featuring original episodes fronted by chef Kiran Jethwa.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://c21media.net/news/sony-pictures-television-launches-youtube-channel-with-kenyan-chef-kiran-jethwa"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube partners on vaccine information videos",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "YouTube announced a partnership with Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American College of Physicians to create informative vaccine videos for YouTube.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.miragenews.com/chop-partners-with-youtube-to-create-651245/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Appeals court upholds dismissal of Pulse shooting lawsuit against social media companies",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-09-27",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-09-28",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "A federal appeals court upheld dismissal of a lawsuit alleging Twitter, Google and Facebook should be held liable for the 2016 Pulse nightclub massacre. The court said plaintiffs had not shown the attack was international terrorism as defined by law.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/2021/09/28/federal-appeals-court-clears-social-media-companies-in-pulse-shooting-lawsuit/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Smart and YouTube team up for NextUp",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "Smart Communications and YouTube teamed up for NextUp, a search and training program for the next generation of Filipino content creators.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.ilonggotechblog.com/2021/09/smart-teams-up-with-youtube-to-empower-next-big-filipino-content-creators.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Federal Circuit affirmed patent-ineligibility decisions in PersonalWeb cases",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-08-12",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed decisions finding patent claims asserted by PersonalWeb ineligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101, in litigation involving technology companies including Google, YouTube, Facebook, EMC and VMware.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://natlawreview.com/article/without-more-mere-automation-abstract-not-construing-interchangeable-terms-doesn-t"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Grindr announces its first YouTube series, Bridesman",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-08-12",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-08-12",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Grindr announced plans for Bridesman, its first YouTube series. The series was scheduled to premiere on August 14 at the Los Angeles Out Fest and would also be available online on YouTube and in the Grindr app.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/lgbtqi-queer-gay-dating-app-grindr-youtube-series-bridesman-jimmy-fowlie/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube launches global Shorts ad campaign",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2021-08-10",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube launched a global advertising campaign for YouTube Shorts featuring music artists including BTS, The Weeknd, Camila Cabello, and Doja Cat. The campaign encourages users to make and watch Shorts content.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/08/10/youtube-short-side-campaign-bts-the-weeknd-camila-cabello-doja-cat/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google announces privacy changes for young people",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-08-10",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-08-11",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google announced planned privacy changes for young people, including making videos uploaded to YouTube by users aged 13 to 17 private by default and allowing minors or their parents or guardians to request removal of the child's images from Google Image Search results. The changes were to be put in place in the next few weeks.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/google-unveils-privacy-changes-for-young-people/2769452/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Emojam partners with YouTube",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-08-04",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-08-04",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Emojam announced a partnership with YouTube to offer creators custom audio GIFs and emojis as channel-membership perks.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/669/218656.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "IMPACT Wrestling launches YouTube membership",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-08-04",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-08-04",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "IMPACT Wrestling launched IMPACT Insiders, a YouTube fan membership offering tiered access to premium content and perks.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-launches-new-youtube-service-no-longer-airing-twitch-349006/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces acquisition of Simsim",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-20",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced that it is acquiring Indian social commerce startup Simsim. The terms were not disclosed. YouTube said Simsim's app would continue operating independently for now, with no immediate changes planned.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/07/20/youtube-acquires-simsim-viewers-shop-creator-recommendations/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube acquires Simsim",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-23",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube acquired Indian social commerce startup Simsim. The deal terms were not disclosed.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.domain-b.com/companies-organisations/firms-companies/youtube-acquires-indian-social-commerce-startup-simsim"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Mass General Brigham and YouTube announce medical-information partnership",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-20",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Mass General Brigham announced a partnership with YouTube to create multiple videos each week providing medical information; YouTube also plans to implement features accompanying some health-related searches and videos.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.wcvb.com/article/mass-general-brigham-youtube-partner-to-deliver-trustworthy-medical-information/37078030"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube Shorts and BTS launch Permission to Dance Challenge",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-19",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-19",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube and BTS unveiled the Permission to Dance Challenge, to be held exclusively on YouTube Shorts. Participants are asked to create 15-second Shorts replicating BTS dance moves; the challenge is scheduled to run from July 23 to 14, as stated in the source.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/07/19/youtube-shorts-first-tiktok-dance-challenge-bts/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Today at Apple announces YouTube video sessions",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-15",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Apple announced that Today at Apple would launch on its YouTube channel with projects across photo, video, and art and design. The first episode was already available.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://itwire.com/your-it-news/home-it/apple-launches-today-at-apple-virtual-sessions-on-youtube%2C-plus-separate-ted-lasso-fan-art-session-sat-24-july"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Trump files lawsuit against Facebook, Twitter and YouTube over account bans",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-07",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-07",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Former President Donald Trump filed a lawsuit against Facebook, Twitter and YouTube over their bans on his accounts, alleging that the companies violated his First Amendment right to free speech. The article reports the allegations and does not establish a court determination.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-sues-facebook-twitter-over-162126910.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Donald Trump files lawsuits against Facebook, Twitter and YouTube",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-07-07",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-07-07",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Donald Trump filed class-action complaints in federal court against Facebook, Twitter and Google's YouTube, alleging that the companies censored him and other conservatives and seeking reinstatement of accounts and other relief. The allegations are not presented as a court finding.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/2021-07-07/donald-trump-sues-facebook-youtube-and-twitter-for-alleged-censorship"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube reinstates Right Wing Watch channel and apologizes",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-06-28",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-06-29",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube reinstated the Right Wing Watch channel after it had been mistakenly suspended and apologized for the suspension.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://hotair.com/jazz-shaw/2021/06/29/youtube-quickly-apologizes-for-suspending-left-wing-website-n399571"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube TV announces 4K Plus service tier",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-06-28",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-06-28",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced 4K Plus, a new YouTube TV service tier offering 4K streaming, offline downloads, and unlimited simultaneous streams at home. The announced price was $19.99 per month, with a one-month free trial for new users and a $9.99 monthly price for one year.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imore.com/youtube-tv-launches-4k-plus-4k-and-offline-downloads-20-month"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube Shorts becomes available in the UK",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-06-08",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-06-08",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube made its Shorts short-form video feature available to content creators in the UK, with a beta rollout planned for everyone in the country over the following couple of weeks.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/article-9663675/YouTube-launches-TikTok-copycat-Shorts-UK.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Apple launches WWDC 2021 YouTube live stream",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-06-02",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-06-02",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Apple launched a YouTube live stream for WWDC 2021, where viewers could sign up to receive a reminder when the event begins.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/apple-launches-wwdc-2021-live-stream-on-youtube/articleshow/83166144.cms"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google files lawsuit over Russian content-removal demands",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-05-24",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-05-25",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google filed a lawsuit against Russia over earlier demands to remove content from YouTube; the company challenged Roskomnadzor requests to take down 12 videos.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/05/25/russia-fines-google-as-deadline-to-remove-banned-content-passes-a74006"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Steven Crowder files lawsuit against YouTube",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-05-21",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-05-21",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Steven Crowder said he filed legal notice of a lawsuit and sought an immediate injunction against YouTube after the platform gave his account a second hard strike. Crowder argued that the videos receiving strikes did not violate YouTube's policies.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.theblaze.com/shows/the-glenn-beck-program/crowder-sues-youtube"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube launches UK Covid-19 vaccination advertising campaign",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-05-17",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-05-16",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube launched a multi-million-pound advertising campaign in the UK encouraging young people to get vaccinated against Covid-19. The campaign includes advertising on buses, billboards, bus stops and YouTube, and is being paid for by YouTube.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-57122216"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube rolls out Shorts audio remix tool",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-05-11",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-05-11",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube began rolling out a Shorts tool that lets creators remix audio from videos across the platform to all creators in the U.S. and India.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/05/11/youtube-shorts-100-million-creator-fund/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces inaugural Beauty Festival",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-05-06",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-05-06",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced its inaugural Beauty Festival, a virtual event scheduled to premiere on May 14. The article also reports that Selena Gomez, Gwyneth Paltrow and Ashley Graham were added to the lineup.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://abcnews.com/GMA/Style/youtube-announces-beauty-festival-featuring-selena-gomez/story?id=77530282"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube partners with The Trevor Project for Pride Month livestreams",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-04-30",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-04-30",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced a partnership with The Trevor Project for two livestreams during Pride Month to raise money and awareness for LGBTQ+ youth. The planned events include a virtual celebration and a Minecraft competition streamed on YouTube Gaming.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://bleedingcool.com/games/youtube-partners-with-the-trevor-project-for-pride-month/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces sustainability partnerships",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-04-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "YouTube announced partnerships with Global Citizen and TED Countdown as part of its sustainability initiatives. The Global Citizen collaboration includes promoting Global Citizen LIVE, and YouTube said it would continue its work with TED on Countdown.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "http://thefutoncritic.com/news/2021/04/20/youtube-announces-new-slate-of-original-content-bringing-together-climate-and-sustainability-leaders-including-bill-gates-653412/20210420youtube01/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube announces sustainability-themed original content slate",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-04-20",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "publishedDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "summary": "YouTube announced a slate of sustainability-themed original projects, including series scheduled to premiere later in 2021 and Earth Day episodes of “Create Together” and “BookTube” scheduled for April 22.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "http://thefutoncritic.com/news/2021/04/20/youtube-announces-new-slate-of-original-content-bringing-together-climate-and-sustainability-leaders-including-bill-gates-653412/20210420youtube01/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google blocks hate-related terms from YouTube ad targeting",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-04-09",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-04-09",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "After The Markup reported that advertisers could use hate-related terms to find YouTube videos for ad placement, Google said it blocked terms associated with hate speech from being used as ad keywords and acknowledged that the identified terms should not have been searchable.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/9/22375702/google-updates-youtube-ad-targeting-hate-speech"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube faces criticism over Status Coup video removals",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-04-08",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-04-08",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Status Coup co-founder Jordan Chariton and other journalists criticized YouTube after the platform removed reporting videos and warned the outlet that it could receive a strike and week-long ban if more videos were found. YouTube said the video was removed under its presidential election integrity policy and that Status Coup did not provide sufficient context.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.foxnews.com/media/youtube-backlash-status-coup-progressive-journalist-crackdown"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Russian regulator files administrative cases against online platforms",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-03-09",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-03-09",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Russia's communications and media regulator filed administrative cases against social media and online platforms, alleging that they failed to remove or promptly remove information encouraging minors to engage in unlawful activities. The report identifies Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, VK, OK.ru, Telegram, and YouTube among the platforms involved.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-03-09/doc-ikknscsh9961998.shtml"
    },
    {
      "headline": "News Corp and Google sign three-year news partnership",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-02-17",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-02-17",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "News Corp said it had signed a three-year partnership with Google's Google News Showcase to sell its news products on the platform. The companies will develop a subscription platform and share advertising revenue; the deal also includes audio journalism and investments in video journalism by YouTube.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/news-corp-signs-multi-year-news-partnership-deal-with-google/articleshow/81067759.cms"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube launches Shorts Report",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-02-16",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-02-16",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube launched a bi-weekly Shorts Report creator resource covering product updates, inspiration and best practices.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/02/16/youtube-bi-weekly-shorts-report-tiktok-competitor/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube updates its iOS app",
      "year": null,
      "eventDate": null,
      "datePrecision": "unknown",
      "publishedAt": "2021-02-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube updated its iOS app, its first update in over two months.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/google-updates-youtube-app-on-ios-for-the-first-time-in-two-months-report-121021400374_1.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube updates its iOS app with privacy disclosures",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-02-12",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-02-13",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google updated the YouTube iOS app on Friday. The App Store page listed the data YouTube uses to track users and information that may be collected and linked to their identity; the release notes cited bug fixes and performance improvements.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-02-14/doc-ikftssap5709790.shtml"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Hagerty launches new season of YouTube shows",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-01-21",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-01-21",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Hagerty launched a new season of automotive shows on its YouTube channel, including new and returning programs.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/start-your-engines-car-fans-hagerty-launches-a-new-season-of-exciting-automotive-shows-on-youtube-301212348.html"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Osmosis.org partners with YouTube on health content",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-01-15",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-01-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Osmosis.org announced a partnership with YouTube to provide health content, including information on COVID-19 and vaccines, to YouTube users.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.prweb.com/releases/osmosis_org_partners_with_youtube_to_bring_reliable_engaging_health_content_to_platform/prweb17661114.htm"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube forms healthcare content partnerships",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-01-13",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-01-15",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube announced partnerships with healthcare providers and groups, including Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, the American Public Health Association and the National Academy of Medicine, to create health-focused content.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://medcitynews.com/2021/01/youtube-teams-up-with-providers-healthcare-groups-to-combat-health-misinformation/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube suspends Donald Trump’s channel",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-01-12",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-01-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube suspended Donald Trump’s channel after a video was found to violate its policies and receive a strike; the platform said the suspension would last at least seven days.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://econotimes.com/YouTube-joins-Twitter-Facebook-in-taking-down-Donald-Trumps-account-by-suspending-POTUS-channel-1600127"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Social media platforms restrict Trump content after Capitol attack",
      "year": 2021,
      "eventDate": "2021-01-06",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2021-01-08",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "After the Capitol attack, Twitter locked Donald Trump's account and required removal of three tweets; Facebook removed his video and blocked him from posting for 24 hours, Instagram locked his account for the same period, and YouTube removed the video. The article also reported calls for the platforms to take stronger action over posts linked to violence and false election claims.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnet.com/news/politics/mob-storms-capitol-as-facebook-twitter-roles-come-under-fire/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google services experience a major outage",
      "year": 2020,
      "eventDate": "2020-12-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2020-12-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google services, including Gmail, Google Drive, and YouTube, were experiencing issues, while Google Search continued to work normally.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/google-suffers-major-outage-gmail-youtube-services-disrupted/"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google services experience a widespread outage",
      "year": 2020,
      "eventDate": "2020-12-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2020-12-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google services, including Search, Docs, Drive, Gmail and YouTube, were reported not to be working in Sri Lanka and several other countries, with reports also coming from Europe and the US.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.dailymirror.lk/breaking-news/Google-suffers-massive-outage-taking-YouTube-Gmail-Docs-more-offline/108-201804"
    },
    {
      "headline": "Google authentication outage disrupts services",
      "year": 2020,
      "eventDate": "2020-12-14",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2020-12-14",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "Google experienced an authentication-system outage for approximately 45 minutes, causing high error rates for services requiring sign-in. Google said the issue was resolved and services were restored.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": true,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/dec/14/google-suffers-worldwide-outage-with-gmail-youtube-and-other-services-down"
    },
    {
      "headline": "YouTube adds HDR support for live streams",
      "year": 2020,
      "eventDate": "2020-12-08",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "publishedAt": "2020-12-08",
      "publishedDatePrecision": "day",
      "summary": "YouTube made HDR support available for live-streamed videos, including for creators using a supported encoder.",
      "tags": [],
      "isScandal": false,
      "sourceUrl": "https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/08/youtube-launches-hdr-support-for-live-streams/"
    }
  ],
  "encyclopedia": {
    "history": "YouTube was established in 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, three former PayPal employees. The service emerged during a period when broadband access, digital cameras, and browser-based video were becoming more practical, but sharing video online remained technically inconvenient. Accounts of the founding differ in emphasis. One frequently repeated version links the idea to difficulty sharing footage from a dinner gathering, while Jawed Karim has associated the concept with the difficulty of finding online video of the Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake Super Bowl incident and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Hurley and Chen also described an early video-dating concept influenced by Hot or Not. When the dating concept failed to attract enough material, the founders broadened the service to accept virtually any type of video.\n\nThe YouTube domain was registered on February 14, 2005. The first widely recognized upload, “Me at the zoo,” was posted by Karim on April 23, 2005. The company initially operated from modest offices in San Mateo, California, and was financed by venture capital, including investment from Sequoia Capital. Its early technical appeal came from browser playback, simple uploading, embedding, and sharing. A Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho became an early million-view event, while the circulation of unofficial copies of “Lazy Sunday,” a Saturday Night Live sketch, demonstrated YouTube's ability to turn television material and user uploads into viral online media. Copyright concerns also appeared immediately, foreshadowing the legal and policy conflicts that would accompany the platform's expansion.\n\nBy July 2006, YouTube said that users were uploading more than 65,000 videos each day and watching approximately 100 million videos daily. Google announced an acquisition in October 2006 and completed it on November 13, 2006, for about $1.65 billion in Google stock. YouTube remained a distinct product and brand, but Google's infrastructure, advertising systems, engineering resources, and distribution capabilities allowed it to scale rapidly. The service adopted the slogan “Broadcast Yourself,” presenting the platform as a form of personal broadcasting in which anyone could create a channel and reach a potentially global audience.\n\nDuring the late 2000s and early 2010s, YouTube moved from a website centered on short viral clips toward a broad video ecosystem. It introduced advertising formats and integrated Google's advertising technology, while building mechanisms for creators and rights holders to share revenue. The platform expanded its category range to include music, news, education, gaming, film, television, commentary, and livestreaming. Interface redesigns sought to unify desktop, mobile, television, and embedded experiences. A shift from emphasizing raw views toward watch time influenced recommendations and creator strategy. YouTube also experimented with professionally produced and subscription-supported channels, signaling an ambition to compete not only with other user-generated platforms but also with television networks, music services, and online subscription video providers.\n\nThe company faced major legal pressure as its user base grew. Rights holders argued that the platform benefited from unauthorized uploads, while YouTube maintained that its notice-and-takedown systems and statutory safe-harbor protections were central to its operation. The Viacom litigation, filed in 2011, became one of the most consequential copyright disputes in the service's history. Appellate decisions ultimately favored YouTube, although copyright enforcement remained a continuing operational responsibility. YouTube's scale also made it a venue for political speech, breaking news, misinformation, conspiracy content, extremist propaganda, and social movements, increasing pressure on its recommendation and moderation systems.\n\nSusan Wojcicki became chief executive officer in February 2014. During her tenure, YouTube expanded its subscription and specialized-product strategy. Music Key evolved into YouTube Red and later YouTube Premium, while YouTube Music became a dedicated music application. YouTube Kids was launched in 2015 with a child-oriented interface and parental controls. YouTube Gaming was introduced as a focused gaming destination and livestreaming product. The company also developed tools such as Super Chat, channel memberships, creator monetization, and rights-management systems to diversify income and support professional creators.\n\nThe late 2010s brought heightened scrutiny over child safety, privacy, advertising suitability, and harmful content. In 2019, the Federal Trade Commission announced a $170 million settlement concerning alleged violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. YouTube subsequently changed the treatment of videos marked as made for kids and introduced additional supervised experiences. The service also faced criticism over recommendations, deceptive or disturbing children's content, demonetization, inconsistent enforcement, and the relationship between engagement incentives and harmful material. In response, it expanded automated detection, human review, policy enforcement, information panels, age restrictions, and creator education.\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic increased demand for online video, livestreaming, education, news, and entertainment. YouTube and other streaming services temporarily reduced streaming quality in response to concerns about network congestion, including requests from European officials during the early pandemic period. The company simultaneously expanded short-form video through YouTube Shorts, competing with TikTok and Instagram Reels. Distribution disputes with Amazon and Roku illustrated the strategic importance of access across connected devices and app stores.\n\nIn November 2021, YouTube removed public dislike counts while retaining dislike functionality for users and creators. The company described the change as an anti-harassment measure, but critics argued that dislike totals helped audiences identify misleading or low-quality content. In 2023, Neal Mohan succeeded Wojcicki as chief executive officer. Under Mohan, YouTube has continued to emphasize creator economics, Shorts, connected television, podcasts, music, subscriptions, advertising, and artificial-intelligence-assisted tools. Alphabet's disclosures indicate that the service has become one of the company's largest businesses, with combined advertising and subscription revenue exceeding $50 billion on an annualized basis during 2024 and surpassing $60 billion for 2025. YouTube remains active as a global platform whose identity combines social network, search-and-discovery system, media distributor, advertising marketplace, subscription service, and creator infrastructure.",
    "milestones": [
      {
        "year": 2005,
        "title": "YouTube domain registered and service founded",
        "summary": "Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim founded YouTube in February 2005 and registered the YouTube.com domain.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2005,
        "title": "First video uploaded",
        "summary": "Jawed Karim uploaded “Me at the zoo,” commonly recognized as the first video posted to YouTube.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2005,
        "title": "Public launch and early viral growth",
        "summary": "YouTube exited beta in December after rapid adoption, helped by embeddable video and highly shared clips.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2006,
        "title": "Google announces and completes acquisition",
        "summary": "Google acquired YouTube for approximately $1.65 billion in Google stock, completing the transaction in November.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2007,
        "title": "Broadcast Yourself era",
        "summary": "YouTube adopted “Broadcast Yourself” as a central brand proposition emphasizing user-created channels and personal publishing.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "title": "Leadership transition to Salar Kamangar",
        "summary": "Co-founder Chad Hurley stepped down as chief executive and moved into an advisory role; Salar Kamangar became head of YouTube.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "title": "Major copyright litigation begins",
        "summary": "Viacom filed a major copyright-infringement case against YouTube over user-uploaded material.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "title": "YouTube prevails in Viacom appeal",
        "summary": "The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled in YouTube's favor in the Viacom litigation.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "title": "Paid channel subscription pilot",
        "summary": "YouTube began testing paid subscriptions for selected channels, an early step toward a broader direct-payment model.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "title": "Susan Wojcicki becomes CEO",
        "summary": "Susan Wojcicki was appointed chief executive officer, beginning a period of expansion in subscriptions, music, children's products, and creator monetization.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "title": "YouTube Red and YouTube Music introduced",
        "summary": "YouTube expanded paid and music-focused offerings, later developing them into YouTube Premium and the modern YouTube Music service.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "title": "YouTube Kids and YouTube Gaming launch",
        "summary": "The company introduced specialized products for children and gaming audiences.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "title": "One billion hours watched daily",
        "summary": "YouTube reported that users were watching approximately one billion hours of video each day.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "title": "San Bruno headquarters shooting",
        "summary": "A shooting at YouTube's San Bruno headquarters wounded four people and resulted in the death of the perpetrator.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "FTC COPPA settlement",
        "summary": "YouTube agreed to a $170 million settlement with the FTC concerning alleged collection of children's personal information.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Shorts introduced",
        "summary": "YouTube launched Shorts as its short-form video format and a strategic response to TikTok-style consumption.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Made-for-kids restrictions take effect",
        "summary": "YouTube began applying expanded privacy and feature restrictions to videos identified as made for children.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Public dislike counts removed",
        "summary": "YouTube removed public display of dislike totals while preserving the underlying user control.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "title": "Neal Mohan becomes CEO",
        "summary": "Neal Mohan succeeded Susan Wojcicki as chief executive officer of YouTube.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2025/Neal-Mohan-Chief-Executive-Officer-of-YouTube-at-the-MoffettNathanson-Media-Internet-and-Communications-Conference-on-May-15-2025/default.aspx"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "title": "Combined advertising and subscription revenue exceeds $50 billion annual run rate",
        "summary": "Alphabet reported that YouTube's combined advertising and subscription revenue exceeded a $50 billion annual run rate.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2024/2024-Q3-Earnings-Call/"
      },
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "title": "Annual YouTube revenue surpasses $60 billion",
        "summary": "Alphabet reported that YouTube's annual revenue across advertising and subscriptions exceeded $60 billion in 2025.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx"
      }
    ],
    "products": [
      {
        "name": "YouTube",
        "category": "Video-sharing and streaming platform",
        "description": "The core YouTube service allows users and organizations to upload, watch, search, share, comment on, livestream, and monetize video. It supports user-generated media and professional content across entertainment, music, news, education, sports, gaming, documentaries, podcasts, and other categories. Distribution spans browsers, mobile applications, smart televisions, game consoles, and connected devices. Advertising, creator revenue sharing, subscriptions, memberships, and rights-management tools form the principal commercial layers around the free service.",
        "launchedYear": 2005,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube Premium",
        "category": "Paid video subscription",
        "description": "YouTube Premium is the platform's paid subscription service. Its core proposition is ad-free viewing across supported YouTube content, together with features such as background playback and offline access in supported environments. The service developed from Music Key and YouTube Red and is positioned as a complement to the free advertising-supported platform. Availability, pricing, and included benefits vary by market.",
        "launchedYear": 2015,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube Music",
        "category": "Music streaming service",
        "description": "YouTube Music is a music-focused service built around YouTube's catalog of official recordings, music videos, performances, remixes, covers, and user-uploaded music material. It provides discovery, search, playlists, artist pages, and personalized listening features. The product is closely linked to YouTube Premium and competes with dedicated music-streaming services while retaining YouTube's distinctive combination of audio and video content.",
        "launchedYear": 2015,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube Kids",
        "category": "Children's video application",
        "description": "YouTube Kids is a child-oriented application with a simplified interface, curated content presentation, parental controls, and age-related viewing settings. It was created to provide a more controlled experience than the general YouTube service. The product operates within the broader debate over children's privacy, advertising, content quality, recommendation systems, and parental responsibility in digital media.",
        "launchedYear": 2015,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube Shorts",
        "category": "Short-form video",
        "description": "YouTube Shorts is a short-form video format designed for rapid, mobile-oriented consumption and creation. It supports brief vertical videos, algorithmic discovery, creator participation, music and remix features, and monetization mechanisms connected to the larger YouTube ecosystem. Shorts represents YouTube's response to the growth of TikTok and Instagram Reels and has become an important part of the platform's creator and audience strategy.",
        "launchedYear": 2020,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube TV",
        "category": "Internet television service",
        "description": "YouTube TV is a separately packaged internet television service offering live and on-demand programming from participating television networks and channels in supported markets. It extends YouTube's presence into the traditional pay-television category through streaming distribution, cloud-based recording features, and connected-TV access. It is commercially and functionally distinct from the open YouTube video-sharing service, although both use the YouTube brand.",
        "launchedYear": 2017,
        "status": "active"
      },
      {
        "name": "YouTube Gaming",
        "category": "Gaming video and livestreaming",
        "description": "YouTube Gaming was a gaming-focused vertical and application for gameplay videos, gaming channels, esports-related material, and livestreams. It was introduced to compete more directly with Twitch and to organize gaming content for a specialized audience. YouTube later consolidated much of the dedicated gaming experience into the broader YouTube platform while retaining gaming as a major content category.",
        "launchedYear": 2015,
        "status": "integrated_into_core_platform"
      }
    ],
    "campaigns": [
      {
        "year": 2007,
        "name": "Broadcast Yourself",
        "markets": [
          "Global"
        ],
        "summary": "“Broadcast Yourself” became YouTube's defining brand message during its early expansion. The campaign and slogan framed the service as a personal broadcasting system in which ordinary users could create channels, publish video, and reach audiences without traditional media gatekeepers.",
        "outcome": "The positioning helped establish the creator-channel model and became closely associated with YouTube's cultural identity during the late 2000s and early 2010s.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "name": "YouTube as a global creator platform",
        "markets": [
          "Global"
        ],
        "summary": "YouTube's early brand and creator strategy emphasized open participation, viral sharing, channel subscriptions, embedded video, and the idea that users could build audiences outside conventional television and music industries.",
        "outcome": "The approach contributed to the emergence of full-time online creators, independent media channels, and a large ecosystem of sponsorship and platform monetization.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube"
      }
    ],
    "scandals": [
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "title": "Viacom copyright litigation",
        "summary": "Viacom alleged that YouTube was responsible for widespread infringement involving user-uploaded clips. The dispute became a landmark test of intermediary liability and copyright safe-harbor protections for online video platforms. Appellate rulings ultimately favored YouTube, but the case intensified scrutiny of its takedown and rights-management systems.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "title": "Child-directed content and safety criticism",
        "summary": "YouTube faced sustained criticism over disturbing, violent, sexually suggestive, or otherwise inappropriate videos that appeared to target children or used child-oriented characters and presentation. The controversy raised questions about recommendation systems, moderation quality, advertising incentives, and the adequacy of YouTube Kids safeguards.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "COPPA privacy settlement",
        "summary": "The Federal Trade Commission announced a $170 million settlement with Google and YouTube over allegations that personal information was collected from children under 13 without the consent required by the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. The settlement required changes to children's privacy practices and helped trigger later treatment of made-for-kids videos.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Misinformation and moderation controversy",
        "summary": "YouTube continued to face criticism that its recommendation and monetization systems could help circulate conspiracy theories, false claims, extremist material, and other harmful content. The company responded with removals, reduced recommendations, information panels, policy changes, and expanded enforcement, but disagreements over censorship and platform responsibility continued.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_moderation",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_moderation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Public dislike-count removal controversy",
        "summary": "The decision to hide public dislike totals was criticized by users, creators, and co-founder Jawed Karim, who argued that visible negative feedback helped communities identify misleading or low-quality material. YouTube defended the change as a measure against harassment, brigading, and coordinated attacks.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2026,
        "title": "Siddaramaiah files defamation suit against 42 media organisations and digital platforms over honey-trap videos",
        "summary": "Former Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah filed a defamation suit before the Bengaluru City Civil and Sessions Court against 42 defendants, including Freedom TV Kannada, the YouTube channel Karnataka Honey Trap, WhatsApp, YouTube LLC, Google India, Yahoo India and Facebook India. He seeks to restrain publication of two videos allegedly linking him to a honey-trap controversy and to have the content removed and access disabled. He contends the material lacks independently verifiable evidence, alleges the timing and commentary were intended to bring him into public disrepute, and categorically denies the insinuations as false and baseless. The judge reserved orders on the interim application on Monday (October 12, 2026), with the order to be pronounced on October 13, 2026.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/ex-cm-siddaramaiah-sues-media-organisations-over-honey-trap-allegations",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/ex-cm-siddaramaiah-sues-media-organisations-over-honey-trap-allegations"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "YouTube settles DMCA abuse dispute with Christopher Brady",
        "summary": "YouTube settled its dispute with Christopher Brady, who was accused of extorting users through bogus copyright claims. Brady agreed to pay $25,000 and offered a public apology; the proposed judgment and injunction had not yet been signed by the court.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://torrentfreak.com/youtube-settles-lawsuit-with-alleged-dmca-extortion-scammer-for-25000-191016/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://torrentfreak.com/youtube-settles-lawsuit-with-alleged-dmca-extortion-scammer-for-25000-191016/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Complaint filed against YouTube and Google over violent videos",
        "summary": "Andy Parker and Georgetown University Law Center's Civil Rights Clinic filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission against YouTube and Google. The complaint alleged deceptive practices related to the platforms hosting violent murder videos and conspiracy theories that harass and target families.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ftvlive.com/sqsp-test/2020/2/24/reporters-dad-sues-youtube-google",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.ftvlive.com/sqsp-test/2020/2/24/reporters-dad-sues-youtube-google"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Ripple sued YouTube over scam impersonation accounts",
        "summary": "Ripple sued YouTube, alleging that the platform sold ads and verified accounts promoting fake cryptocurrency giveaways and ignored complaints about them. YouTube said it takes abuse seriously and acts quickly when it detects policy violations.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/21/21229762/ripple-xrp-lawsuit-youtube-trademark-brad-garlinghouse-impersonation-crypto-giveaway-scam",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/21/21229762/ripple-xrp-lawsuit-youtube-trademark-brad-garlinghouse-impersonation-crypto-giveaway-scam"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Lawsuit against YouTube over scam videos using plaintiffs' likenesses",
        "summary": "In a controversy involving YouTube, seventeen people, including Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, filed a lawsuit against the platform. The plaintiffs alleged that YouTube allowed scammers to use images and videos of them to solicit money. They sought the removal of the scam videos from the platform. The event was reported on July 26, 2020.",
        "sourceUrl": "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0726/1162867.shtml",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0726/1162867.shtml",
          "https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/steve-wozniak-sues-google-over-youtube-bitcoin-scam/",
          "https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/2021-07-07/donald-trump-sues-facebook-youtube-and-twitter-for-alleged-censorship",
          "https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-sues-facebook-twitter-over-162126910.html"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Exposure of Instagram, TikTok and YouTube user data disclosed",
        "summary": "Comparitech researchers disclosed an unsecured database containing records associated with 235 million Instagram, TikTok and YouTube users. The article says the evidence pointed to Deep Social and that Social Data later closed the database; it does not establish that the platforms caused the exposure.",
        "sourceUrl": "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0820/1173792.shtml",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0820/1173792.shtml"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "Former YouTube moderator files lawsuit alleging employee-protection failures",
        "summary": "A former content moderator filed a lawsuit against YouTube alleging that the company failed to protect employees who reviewed violent videos. The suit further alleged that working conditions and the support provided to moderators contributed to harm. These are claims made in the lawsuit and have not been established as findings. The event concerns allegations raised in litigation rather than confirmed outcomes.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/youtube-content-moderator-new-lawsuit-failing-protect-employees-b537264.html",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/youtube-content-moderator-new-lawsuit-failing-protect-employees-b537264.html",
          "https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/ex-content-moderator-sues-youtube-claims-job-led-to-ptsd-symptoms-and-depression/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "UK lawsuit alleges YouTube violated children’s privacy",
        "summary": "In a UK class-action-style lawsuit, Hausfeld and Foxglove alleged that YouTube collected children’s data without parental consent and used it for targeted advertising. The claim sought more than £2.5 billion in damages. The source article does not report a court determination on the allegations.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.androidheadlines.com/2020/09/youtube-faces-multi-billion-lawsuit-alleged-child-privacy-violations.html",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.androidheadlines.com/2020/09/youtube-faces-multi-billion-lawsuit-alleged-child-privacy-violations.html",
          "https://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/2020-09-15/doc-iivhvpwy6754899.shtml",
          "https://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2020-09-15/doc-iivhuipp4376553.shtml"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "YouTube removes video amid platform restrictions on Trump content after Capitol attack",
        "summary": "After the Capitol attack, social media platforms restricted Donald Trump's content. Twitter locked his account and required removal of three tweets; Facebook removed his video and blocked him from posting for 24 hours; Instagram locked his account for the same period; and YouTube removed the video. The article also reported calls for the platforms to take stronger action over posts linked to violence and false election claims.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cnet.com/news/politics/mob-storms-capitol-as-facebook-twitter-roles-come-under-fire/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.cnet.com/news/politics/mob-storms-capitol-as-facebook-twitter-roles-come-under-fire/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "YouTube reinstates Right Wing Watch channel and apologizes",
        "summary": "In a controversy involving YouTube, the platform reinstated the Right Wing Watch channel after the channel had been mistakenly suspended. YouTube also apologized for the suspension. The event concerns the temporary removal of the channel and its subsequent restoration, with the platform acknowledging the suspension as a mistake and issuing an apology.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://hotair.com/jazz-shaw/2021/06/29/youtube-quickly-apologizes-for-suspending-left-wing-website-n399571",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://hotair.com/jazz-shaw/2021/06/29/youtube-quickly-apologizes-for-suspending-left-wing-website-n399571"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Appeals court upholds dismissal of Pulse shooting lawsuit against social media companies",
        "summary": "A federal appeals court upheld the dismissal of a lawsuit that alleged Twitter, Google and Facebook should be held liable for the 2016 Pulse nightclub massacre. The court said the plaintiffs had not shown that the attack was international terrorism as defined by law. The ruling left the dismissal of the case against the social media companies in place.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/2021/09/28/federal-appeals-court-clears-social-media-companies-in-pulse-shooting-lawsuit/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/2021/09/28/federal-appeals-court-clears-social-media-companies-in-pulse-shooting-lawsuit/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "title": "Krafton sues over Free Fire distribution",
        "summary": "Krafton filed a lawsuit in the United States against Apple, Google and others concerning the distribution of Free Fire and Free Fire MAX. Krafton alleges the games infringe its copyrights and says it had asked Apple and Google to stop distributing and selling them; the article says the companies had not responded as far as was known.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://houstonianonline.com/pubg-developer-sues-apple-and-google-for-distributing-a-clone-game/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://houstonianonline.com/pubg-developer-sues-apple-and-google-for-distributing-a-clone-game/",
          "https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/13/pubg-mobile-maker-krafton-sues-apple-google-and-rival-game-developer-garena-over-clones/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "title": "France fines Google and Facebook over cookie consent practices",
        "summary": "France's CNIL fined Google €150 million and Facebook €60 million, determining that their sites did not make refusing cookies as easy as accepting them. Google said it would change its practices in accordance with the decision.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.dw.com/en/france-fines-google-facebook-over-cookies/a-60345633",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.dw.com/en/france-fines-google-facebook-over-cookies/a-60345633",
          "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2022-01-06/doc-ikyamrmz3545700.shtml"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Lady Freethinker sues YouTube over animal-abuse videos",
        "summary": "Animal-rights charity Lady Freethinker filed a lawsuit against YouTube, claiming the platform failed in its duty to remove videos of animal abuse. YouTube said it prohibits such content, described policy changes and enforcement efforts, and said it had removed hundreds of thousands of videos and terminated thousands of channels that year.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.businessinsider.com/youtube-lawsuit-animal-abuse-charity-lady-freethinker-sues-2021-10",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.businessinsider.com/youtube-lawsuit-animal-abuse-charity-lady-freethinker-sues-2021-10"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Steven Crowder files lawsuit against YouTube",
        "summary": "Steven Crowder said he filed legal notice of a lawsuit and sought an immediate injunction against YouTube after the platform gave his account a second hard strike. Crowder argued that the videos receiving strikes did not violate YouTube's policies.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.theblaze.com/shows/the-glenn-beck-program/crowder-sues-youtube",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.theblaze.com/shows/the-glenn-beck-program/crowder-sues-youtube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "Google blocks hate-related terms from YouTube ad targeting",
        "summary": "After The Markup reported that advertisers could use hate-related terms to find YouTube videos for ad placement, Google said it blocked terms associated with hate speech from being used as ad keywords and acknowledged that the identified terms should not have been searchable.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/9/22375702/google-updates-youtube-ad-targeting-hate-speech",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/9/22375702/google-updates-youtube-ad-targeting-hate-speech"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "YouTube faces criticism over Status Coup video removals",
        "summary": "Status Coup co-founder Jordan Chariton and other journalists criticized YouTube after the platform removed reporting videos and warned the outlet that it could receive a strike and week-long ban if more videos were found. YouTube said the video was removed under its presidential election integrity policy and that Status Coup did not provide sufficient context.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.foxnews.com/media/youtube-backlash-status-coup-progressive-journalist-crackdown",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.foxnews.com/media/youtube-backlash-status-coup-progressive-journalist-crackdown"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "title": "YouTube suspends Donald Trump’s channel",
        "summary": "YouTube suspended Donald Trump’s channel after a video was found to violate its policies and receive a strike; the platform said the suspension would last at least seven days.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://econotimes.com/YouTube-joins-Twitter-Facebook-in-taking-down-Donald-Trumps-account-by-suspending-POTUS-channel-1600127",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://econotimes.com/YouTube-joins-Twitter-Facebook-in-taking-down-Donald-Trumps-account-by-suspending-POTUS-channel-1600127"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "title": "YouTube apologizes over tweet mocking creators",
        "summary": "YouTube apologized and deleted a tweet from its official account that mocked creators for making videos it described as too long. In a follow-up tweet, the platform said the original was posted in good faith but missed the mark and did not reflect the creator community’s spirit.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-54419304",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-54419304"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "Indian court rules YouTube and Google liable in copyright case",
        "summary": "A local court ruled that YouTube and Google were liable for infringing filmmaker Suneel Darshan's copyrights, ordered compensation, and required YouTube to prevent similar infringements going forward. The verdict was reported as subject to likely appeal.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://torrentfreak.com/filmmaker-wins-piracy-lawsuit-against-youtube-and-google-india-191209/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://torrentfreak.com/filmmaker-wins-piracy-lawsuit-against-youtube-and-google-india-191209/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "YouTube Rewind 2019 receives negative user reviews",
        "summary": "YouTube's 2019 Rewind video received widespread negative reviews from users after its release.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://unwire.hk/2019/12/07/youtube-rewind-2019/fun-tech/",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://unwire.hk/2019/12/07/youtube-rewind-2019/fun-tech/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "title": "YouTube files lawsuit against Omaha man over DMCA and strike-system allegations",
        "summary": "YouTube filed a lawsuit against Christopher Brady, alleging that he violated the DMCA and abused YouTube’s copyright strike system. The article also reports YouTube’s allegation that Brady operated under 15 online accounts and extorted at least one other YouTuber.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ketv.com/article/youtube-sues-omaha-man-for-allegedly-violating-federal-copyright-law/29419108",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://www.ketv.com/article/youtube-sues-omaha-man-for-allegedly-violating-federal-copyright-law/29419108"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "decisions": [
      {
        "year": 2006,
        "type": "mna",
        "title": "Accept Google's acquisition",
        "context": "YouTube was growing rapidly but faced substantial infrastructure, bandwidth, rights, and monetization challenges. Google had the scale and advertising technology to support the service's expansion.",
        "action": "Google agreed to acquire YouTube for approximately $1.65 billion in Google stock and completed the transaction in November 2006.",
        "aftermath": "YouTube remained a distinct consumer brand while benefiting from Google's infrastructure, advertising systems, engineering resources, and global distribution.",
        "financials": {
          "metric": "Acquisition price",
          "before": null,
          "after": "Approximately $1.65 billion in Google stock",
          "period": "2006",
          "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
        },
        "competitorReactions": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "type": "strategy",
        "title": "Test paid channel subscriptions",
        "context": "Advertising was YouTube's primary commercial model, but the company sought additional ways to support creators and monetize specialized audiences.",
        "action": "YouTube piloted paid subscriptions for selected channels, allowing participating providers to charge viewers recurring fees.",
        "aftermath": "The pilot was discontinued and later reworked, but it anticipated the broader expansion of YouTube Premium, channel memberships, and other paid features.",
        "financials": null,
        "competitorReactions": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "type": "product_launch",
        "title": "Launch subscription and music ecosystem",
        "context": "YouTube sought to move beyond advertising and respond to growing competition from music-streaming and subscription-video services.",
        "action": "The company introduced YouTube Red, later renamed YouTube Premium, and developed YouTube Music as a dedicated music product.",
        "aftermath": "The products established subscriptions, ad-free viewing, background playback, music discovery, and original programming as important parts of the YouTube business.",
        "financials": null,
        "competitorReactions": [
          {
            "competitor": "Twitch",
            "reaction": "YouTube also launched YouTube Gaming during this period as a focused response to Twitch's gaming-video and livestreaming position."
          }
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "type": "strategy",
        "title": "Implement expanded made-for-kids controls",
        "context": "The FTC settlement over alleged COPPA violations required YouTube to change how it handled children's content and personal information.",
        "action": "YouTube required creators to identify whether videos were made for children and applied additional restrictions to audience data, advertising, comments, notifications, and related features.",
        "aftermath": "The changes altered children's content monetization and engagement practices and became a major part of YouTube's child-safety and privacy policy framework.",
        "financials": {
          "metric": "FTC settlement",
          "before": null,
          "after": "$170 million settlement",
          "period": "2019",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
        },
        "competitorReactions": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "type": "product_launch",
        "title": "Launch YouTube Shorts",
        "context": "Short-form vertical video had become a major source of engagement and creator growth through services such as TikTok and Instagram Reels.",
        "action": "YouTube introduced Shorts as a short-form video format integrated into the wider YouTube ecosystem.",
        "aftermath": "Shorts became a central product for mobile discovery, creator acquisition, music promotion, and competition for short-form viewing time.",
        "financials": null,
        "competitorReactions": [
          {
            "competitor": "TikTok",
            "reaction": "Shorts was explicitly developed in response to TikTok's rapid growth in short-form video."
          },
          {
            "competitor": "Instagram",
            "reaction": "Shorts also competed with Instagram Reels for creators, advertisers, and mobile audience attention."
          }
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "type": "strategy",
        "title": "Hide public dislike counts",
        "context": "YouTube said that dislike attacks and coordinated brigading could harm creators, while critics considered dislike totals useful as a community quality signal.",
        "action": "The platform removed public display of dislike totals but retained dislike functionality for users and creators.",
        "aftermath": "The change reduced visible negative feedback and became one of YouTube's most debated interface and governance decisions.",
        "financials": null,
        "competitorReactions": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "type": "strategy",
        "title": "Expand advertising, subscriptions, connected television, and creator monetization",
        "context": "YouTube was increasingly positioned as both a digital advertising platform and a subscription-supported media business, with growing consumption on televisions and across multiple formats.",
        "action": "The company continued investing in YouTube Premium, YouTube Music, Shorts, livestreaming, podcasts, connected-TV distribution, and creator revenue tools.",
        "aftermath": "Alphabet reported that combined YouTube advertising and subscription revenue exceeded a $50 billion annual run rate during 2024.",
        "financials": {
          "metric": "Combined advertising and subscription revenue annual run rate",
          "before": null,
          "after": "More than $50 billion",
          "period": "Four-quarter period reported in 2024",
          "sourceUrl": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2024/2024-Q3-Earnings-Call/"
        },
        "competitorReactions": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2024/2024-Q3-Earnings-Call/"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "YouTube",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
      },
      {
        "title": "History of YouTube",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube"
      },
      {
        "title": "YouTube moderation",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_moderation"
      },
      {
        "title": "Federal Trade Commission COPPA settlement announcement",
        "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
      },
      {
        "title": "Alphabet 2024 Q3 earnings call",
        "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2024/2024-Q3-Earnings-Call/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Alphabet 2025 Q4 earnings call",
        "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx"
      },
      {
        "title": "Neal Mohan at the MoffettNathanson Media, Internet, and Communications Conference",
        "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2025/Neal-Mohan-Chief-Executive-Officer-of-YouTube-at-the-MoffettNathanson-Media-Internet-and-Communications-Conference-on-May-15-2025/default.aspx"
      }
    ],
    "needsReview": false
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "YouTube",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"
    },
    {
      "title": "History of YouTube",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube"
    },
    {
      "title": "YouTube moderation",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_moderation"
    },
    {
      "title": "Federal Trade Commission COPPA settlement announcement",
      "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/09/google-youtube-will-pay-record-170-million-alleged-violations-childrens-privacy-law"
    },
    {
      "title": "Alphabet 2024 Q3 earnings call",
      "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2024/2024-Q3-Earnings-Call/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Alphabet 2025 Q4 earnings call",
      "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx"
    },
    {
      "title": "Neal Mohan at the MoffettNathanson Media, Internet, and Communications Conference",
      "url": "https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2025/Neal-Mohan-Chief-Executive-Officer-of-YouTube-at-the-MoffettNathanson-Media-Internet-and-Communications-Conference-on-May-15-2025/default.aspx"
    },
    {
      "title": "Siddaramaiah files defamation suit against 42 media organisations and digital platforms over honey-trap videos",
      "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/ex-cm-siddaramaiah-sues-media-organisations-over-honey-trap-allegations"
    },
    {
      "title": "YouTube settles DMCA abuse dispute with Christopher Brady",
      "url": "https://torrentfreak.com/youtube-settles-lawsuit-with-alleged-dmca-extortion-scammer-for-25000-191016/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Complaint filed against YouTube and Google over violent videos",
      "url": "https://www.ftvlive.com/sqsp-test/2020/2/24/reporters-dad-sues-youtube-google"
    },
    {
      "title": "Ripple sued YouTube over scam impersonation accounts",
      "url": "https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/21/21229762/ripple-xrp-lawsuit-youtube-trademark-brad-garlinghouse-impersonation-crypto-giveaway-scam"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lawsuit against YouTube over scam videos using plaintiffs' likenesses",
      "url": "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0726/1162867.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lawsuit against YouTube over scam videos using plaintiffs' likenesses",
      "url": "https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/steve-wozniak-sues-google-over-youtube-bitcoin-scam/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lawsuit against YouTube over scam videos using plaintiffs' likenesses",
      "url": "https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/2021-07-07/donald-trump-sues-facebook-youtube-and-twitter-for-alleged-censorship"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lawsuit against YouTube over scam videos using plaintiffs' likenesses",
      "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-sues-facebook-twitter-over-162126910.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Exposure of Instagram, TikTok and YouTube user data disclosed",
      "url": "http://www.chinaz.com/2020/0820/1173792.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "Former YouTube moderator files lawsuit alleging employee-protection failures",
      "url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/youtube-content-moderator-new-lawsuit-failing-protect-employees-b537264.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Former YouTube moderator files lawsuit alleging employee-protection failures",
      "url": "https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/ex-content-moderator-sues-youtube-claims-job-led-to-ptsd-symptoms-and-depression/"
    },
    {
      "title": "UK lawsuit alleges YouTube violated children’s privacy",
      "url": "https://www.androidheadlines.com/2020/09/youtube-faces-multi-billion-lawsuit-alleged-child-privacy-violations.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "UK lawsuit alleges YouTube violated children’s privacy",
      "url": "https://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/2020-09-15/doc-iivhvpwy6754899.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "UK lawsuit alleges YouTube violated children’s privacy",
      "url": "https://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2020-09-15/doc-iivhuipp4376553.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "YouTube removes video amid platform restrictions on Trump content after Capitol attack",
      "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/politics/mob-storms-capitol-as-facebook-twitter-roles-come-under-fire/"
    },
    {
      "title": "YouTube reinstates Right Wing Watch channel and apologizes",
      "url": "https://hotair.com/jazz-shaw/2021/06/29/youtube-quickly-apologizes-for-suspending-left-wing-website-n399571"
    },
    {
      "title": "Appeals court upholds dismissal of Pulse shooting lawsuit against social media companies",
      "url": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/2021/09/28/federal-appeals-court-clears-social-media-companies-in-pulse-shooting-lawsuit/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Krafton sues over Free Fire distribution",
      "url": "https://houstonianonline.com/pubg-developer-sues-apple-and-google-for-distributing-a-clone-game/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Krafton sues over Free Fire distribution",
      "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/13/pubg-mobile-maker-krafton-sues-apple-google-and-rival-game-developer-garena-over-clones/"
    },
    {
      "title": "France fines Google and Facebook over cookie consent practices",
      "url": "https://www.dw.com/en/france-fines-google-facebook-over-cookies/a-60345633"
    },
    {
      "title": "France fines Google and Facebook over cookie consent practices",
      "url": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2022-01-06/doc-ikyamrmz3545700.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lady Freethinker sues YouTube over animal-abuse videos",
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      "title": "'The Official Robin Williams YouTube Channel' launches on YouTube | MyCentralOregon.com - Horizon Broadcasting Group, LLC",
      "url": "https://www.mycentraloregon.com/2020/04/02/the-official-robin-williams-youtube-channel-launches-on-youtube/"
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      "title": "\"The Galaxy Report\" Launches on YouTube --Please Join Us As a (Free) Subscriber | The Daily Galaxy",
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      "title": "ABS-CBN Partners With YouTube For Exclusive Series \"How To Move On In 30 Days\" - PAGEONE",
      "url": "https://pageone.ph/abs-cbn-partners-with-youtube-for-exclusive-series-how-to-move-on-in-30-days/"
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    {
      "title": "ACP partners with YouTube to combat COVID-19 misinformation",
      "url": "https://www.healio.com/news/primary-care/20211018/acp-partners-with-youtube-to-combat-covid19-misinformation"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-11-12/animelog-launches-global-youtube-channel-with-ahare-meisaku-kun-hello-anne-more-anime/.166267"
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    {
      "title": "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak sues YouTube over bitcoin scams using his image | Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak sues YouTube over bitcoin scams using his image",
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      "title": "Donald Trump sues tech giants to âstop the silencingâ",
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      "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/filipino-broadcaster-abs-cbn-launches-new-cloud-video-editing-workflow-during-covid-19-then-wins-youtube-award-855961385.html"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.tubefilter.com/2020/09/22/youtube-content-moderator-sues-depression-ptsd/"
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      "title": "Former YouTube content moderator sues the company after developing symptoms of PTSD",
      "url": "https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/22/21450477/youtube-content-moderator-sues-lawsuit-ptsd-graphic-content-exposure"
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      "title": "Formula 1 partners with YouTube to livestream the 2020 Eifel Grand Prix | Formula 1®",
      "url": "https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-partners-with-youtube-to-livestream-the-2020-eifel-grand-prix.2rcp4On6qzmgmsxum7D7mW"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/france-fines-facebook-and-google-for-1858742/"
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      "title": "France fines Google and Facebook EUR 210 million",
      "url": "https://news.am/en/news/680923"
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      "title": "France Fines Google, FB A Combined $238 Mn Over Cookie Tracking",
      "url": "https://glamsham.com/technology/france-fines-google-fb-a-combined-238-mn-over-cookie-tracking/"
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      "title": "Google and Facebook fined EUR 210 mln in France for cookie breaches",
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      "title": "Google introduces more privacy controls for Maps, YouTube and Assistant - BetaNews",
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      "title": "Google launches 'YouTube Learning Destination' to help continue learning, teaching from home",
      "url": "https://www.aninews.in/news/tech/internet/google-launches-youtube-learning-destination-to-help-continue-learning-teaching-from-home20200416225837"
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      "title": "Google launches new tools for privacy and security on Maps, YouTube, Google Assistant",
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      "title": "Google Launches YouTube Kids App on iOS, Android",
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      "title": "Google partners with gaming firm Activision Blizzard",
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      "title": "Google Reports $15 Billion in YouTube Ad Revenue in Its Latest Earnings",
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      "title": "Google rolls out campaign to teach digital citizenship in PH high schools",
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    {
      "title": "Google Rolls Out Custom Feed in YouTube Mobile App, Also Redesigns Navigation Experience in Mobile App",
      "url": "https://themobileindian.com/news/google-rolls-out-custom-feed-in-youtube-mobile-app-also-redesigns-navigation-experience-in-mobile-app"
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      "title": "Google rolls out Incognito mode for Maps, Auto-delete for YouTube and more",
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    {
      "title": "Google rolls out updated privacy tools for YouTube, Maps",
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    {
      "title": "Google Suffers Widespread Outage of Gmail, YouTube and More",
      "url": "https://www.newdelhitimes.com/google-suffers-widespread-outage-of-gmail-youtube-and-more/"
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    {
      "title": "Google Updates iOS YouTube App...Finally",
      "url": "https://www.webpronews.com/google-updates-ios-youtube-app-finally/"
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    {
      "title": "HIT SERIES, “NOW WITH NATALIE” BY HILLSONG CHANNEL LAUNCHES A NEW SEASON ON YOUTUBE, SEPTEMBER 19",
      "url": "https://www.prurgent.com/2020-09-18/pressrelease471768.htm"
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    {
      "title": "IMPACT Wrestling Launches \"IMPACT Insiders\" YouTube Membership",
      "url": "https://www.wrestlingnewssource.com/news/69473/IMPACT-Wrestling-Launches-IMPACT-Insiders-YouTube-Membership/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Kaya FM receives YouTube Silver Button Award - Kaya 959",
      "url": "https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/59/208877.html"
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    {
      "title": "LAA launches YouTube Channel with Arthur Williams :",
      "url": "https://flyer.co.uk/laa-launches-youtube-channel-with-arthur-williams/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lollapalooza Announces Free 4-Day Digital Festival",
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    {
      "title": "Metallica announces Virtual Concert Series to support charitable foundation",
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    {
      "title": "MrBeast partners with more than 600 YouTubers, including PewDiePie and MKBHD, to plant 20 million trees",
      "url": "https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/25/20926852/mrbeast-teamtrees-charity-donations-pewdiepie-mkbhd-youtube-trending-tree-planting"
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    {
      "title": "New York Comic Con Partners With YouTube for Virtual 2020 Event",
      "url": "https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1144987-new-york-comic-con-partners-with-youtube-for-virtual-2020-event"
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