Automotive battery manufacturer supplying lithium-ion batteries for electric and electrified vehicles.
Last updated November 4, 2026
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Overview
Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, commonly known as AESC and later branded Envision AESC, is a manufacturer of lithium-ion battery cells and battery systems for electric vehicles and related energy applications. The company was created through a Japanese industrial partnership involving Nissan Motor Company, NEC Corporation, and NEC Tokin. Its formation reflected the expectation that electric vehicles would require dedicated battery-development and manufacturing capabilities rather than relying solely on conventional automotive suppliers. The company's early work centered on lithium manganese oxide chemistry and laminated lithium-ion cells. Its initial production plans were linked to Nissan facilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, including the Zama site, while electrode production was associated with NEC Tokin's Sagamihara operations. AESC moved from development and trial production into commercial manufacturing in the late 2000s. The Nissan Leaf, introduced in 2010, became its most visible early application and helped establish the company as one of the first large-scale suppliers dedicated to mass-market electric vehicles. AESC's original business model was closely integrated with Nissan. Nissan held a controlling interest, while NEC and NEC Tokin supplied technical and manufacturing capabilities. The company planned progressively larger production capacity as Nissan expanded electric-vehicle manufacturing in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. By the middle of the 2010s, AESC had become a significant participant in the global electric-vehicle battery market, although it faced pressure from larger or lower-cost competitors and from the changing procurement strategies of automakers. Nissan began seeking a new ownership structure in 2016, arguing that greater access to external battery suppliers would provide more flexibility and improve purchasing economics. A proposed sale to GSR Capital was announced in 2017 but did not close after the buyer failed to finalize financing. In 2018, Nissan announced the sale of its battery business to China's Envision Group while retaining a minority stake; NEC's interest was also transferred to Envision. Under Envision ownership, AESC expanded its ambitions beyond Japan and announced or developed facilities in China, Europe, and the United States. The expanded manufacturing network includes operations or projects in Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, and Hebei in China; Sunderland in the United Kingdom; Douai in France; and multiple locations in the United States. The company has advanced large gigafactory projects, including a planned Kentucky plant and the Sunderland expansion. It has also linked some of its Chinese operations to low-carbon or net-zero industrial development concepts. AESC's main business remains the production of rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, with Nissan and Renault identified as customers in available reference material. Its activities have also expanded into battery storage and broader energy-transition applications. The company's strategic position has thus evolved from a Nissan-centered captive battery operation into an international battery manufacturer competing for supply agreements and manufacturing projects across several major automotive markets. Its ownership, expansion plans, and individual factory projects continue to change as electric-vehicle demand, trade policy, tariffs, and automaker sourcing strategies evolve.
History
AESC originated in Japan during the late 2000s, when Nissan, NEC, and NEC Tokin sought to create an integrated electric-vehicle battery business. The partners' objective was to combine Nissan's automotive requirements with NEC's electronics and battery expertise. The venture was organized with Nissan as the controlling shareholder, NEC as a substantial partner, and NEC Tokin as a smaller shareholder. The company planned to establish manufacturing capacity at Nissan's Zama site in Kanagawa Prefecture and to obtain electrode materials from NEC Tokin's facility in nearby Sagamihara. Its initial battery design used lithium manganese oxide chemistry and laminated cells. The production program was intended to support industrial vehicles first and then Nissan electric and hybrid vehicles. Trial production began at Zama in 2009, followed by the start of Nissan Leaf production in 2010. The Leaf gave AESC a high-profile commercial application and connected the company directly to the expansion of mass-market battery-electric vehicles. As electric-vehicle production expanded, AESC's owners planned significant additional investment and higher output. The company developed a manufacturing presence associated with Nissan's operations in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. By 2014, available industry reporting described AESC as one of the world's leading electric-vehicle battery manufacturers. At the same time, the business faced competitive pressure from suppliers such as LG Chem and questions about whether a battery operation closely tied to one automaker could remain cost-competitive and sufficiently flexible. Nissan's strategic view changed during the middle of the decade. In 2016, the automaker decided to sell its controlling stake, citing the advantages of purchasing batteries from a wider range of suppliers. A proposed sale to GSR Capital was announced in 2017, but the transaction was delayed several times and ultimately did not complete because the buyer did not finalize its financing. In 2018, Nissan instead announced an agreement with Envision Group. The transaction covered AESC and associated battery manufacturing sites, while Nissan retained a minority holding. Envision also acquired NEC's interest, bringing the company under Chinese ownership and providing a platform for international expansion. Following the ownership change, the business adopted the Envision AESC identity in many commercial and project announcements. Expansion plans included a large plant in Jiangyin, China, additional Chinese operations in locations including Inner Mongolia and Hubei, and new or proposed factories in Sunderland in the United Kingdom, Douai in France, and Kentucky and South Carolina in the United States. The company also described its Ordos operations as part of a broader net-zero industrial park involving batteries, energy storage, hydrogen, and other low-carbon technologies. The Sunderland expansion was presented as a major European battery program, with an initial phase planned at 9 GWh and possible later phases increasing capacity. The Douai project was developed with Renault and was intended to supply batteries to Renault's northern French electric-vehicle manufacturing network. In the United States, AESC announced plans for large facilities serving the North American market, including a Kentucky project announced in 2022 and a South Carolina project associated with Florence. The company's later trajectory has been affected by the volatility of electric-vehicle demand, changing automaker sourcing decisions, and trade and tariff policy. Reference material states that construction of the South Carolina plant was halted in 2025 amid tariff uncertainty and that the Smyrna, Tennessee operation stopped producing batteries for Nissan in June 2025 before shifting toward energy storage. A reported 2026 sale of a majority stake in the remaining U.S. plant to Fixx Energy is included in the supplied reference material, but its status and details require verification. Overall, AESC has developed from a Nissan-centered Japanese battery venture into an internationally oriented manufacturer whose business spans vehicle batteries, factory development, and stationary energy-storage opportunities.
- 2022
Kentucky battery project is presented
[1]Envision AESC presented plans for a large battery factory in Kentucky.
- 2021
French gigafactory plan is announced
[1]Envision AESC and Renault announced a planned battery factory in Douai, France.
- 2019
Jiangyin expansion is announced
[1]AESC announced a planned 20 GWh plant in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, intended to expand its Chinese capacity.
- 2018
Envision becomes the principal owner
[1]Envision acquired the battery business and NEC's interest, while Nissan retained a minority share.
- 2016
Nissan begins divestment process
[1]Nissan decided to pursue a sale of its controlling interest in AESC as part of a strategy to broaden battery sourcing.
- 2014
AESC reaches a leading position in EV batteries
[1]Industry reporting cited AESC as the second-largest electric-vehicle battery manufacturer worldwide at that time.
- 2010
Nissan Leaf production begins
[1]The Nissan Leaf entered production using batteries supplied by AESC.
- 2009
Trial production begins at Zama
[1]AESC began trial production of lithium-ion batteries at Nissan's Zama site in Kanagawa.
- 2008
AESC is formally established
[1]The joint venture was established with Nissan, NEC, and NEC Tokin holding shares in a 51:42:7 arrangement.
- 2007
Partners agree to establish an automotive battery company
[1]Nissan, NEC, and NEC Tokin agreed to create a dedicated lithium-ion battery enterprise for electric vehicles.
Products and positioning
Global electric-vehicle battery manufacturer serving automakers and energy-transition applications.
Automotive batteries · 2009
Lithium-ion battery cells
AESC's core product is the rechargeable lithium-ion cell used in electric-vehicle battery systems. Its early commercial chemistry used lithium manganese oxide and laminated cell construction. The cells were developed for automotive applications requiring a balance of energy, power, packaging efficiency, and production scalability.
Vehicle battery systems · 2010
Electric-vehicle battery systems
AESC supplies battery modules and packs assembled from lithium-ion cells for electric and electrified vehicles. The Nissan Leaf was the company's best-known early application. Later manufacturing and factory plans were aimed at supplying multiple automakers and vehicle programs across Asia, Europe, and North America.
Stationary energy storage
Energy-storage batteries
The company has increasingly associated its manufacturing operations with stationary energy storage and broader energy-transition systems. Available reference material indicates that the Smyrna operation shifted toward energy storage after it stopped producing batteries for Nissan, although the precise product range is not specified.
Controversies
2025
AESC pauses USD 1.6 billion South Carolina battery plant amid tariff and policy uncertainty
AESC paused construction of its Florence, South Carolina battery plant supplying BMW due to US tariffs, federal subsidies and policy uncertainty; in September 2026 a contractor filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit over construction of the plant. Status: media report. Entity: AESC. Scope: US plant project.
Brand decisions
2022
North American factory developmentStrategyBackground
Envision AESC pursued larger North American production capacity to serve electric-vehicle manufacturing in the United States.
Action taken
The company presented a Kentucky battery super-factory project and continued development work associated with a South Carolina plant.
Aftermath
The supplied material later reports uncertainty around the South Carolina project and a change in use at the Smyrna facility, but those developments require current-source verification.
2021
European gigafactory expansionStrategyBackground
Renault sought additional battery supply close to its ElectriCity vehicle-manufacturing hub in northern France.
Action taken
Envision AESC and Renault announced a planned battery factory in Douai, with staged capacity growth.
Aftermath
The project supported Envision AESC's intended expansion in Europe alongside its Sunderland activities.
2019
Expansion of Chinese manufacturing capacityStrategyBackground
Envision AESC sought to increase production beyond its existing Chinese capacity as demand for electric-vehicle batteries grew.
Action taken
The company announced plans for a 20 GWh Jiangyin facility in Jiangsu.
Aftermath
The announcement formed part of a wider network of Chinese production and development projects, including operations in Inner Mongolia and Hubei.
2018
Sale of AESC to Envision GroupM&ABackground
After the proposed GSR Capital transaction failed to complete, Nissan pursued a different ownership arrangement for its battery business.
Action taken
Nissan sold AESC and related battery manufacturing assets to Envision Group while retaining a minority interest; Envision also acquired NEC's stake.
Aftermath
The transaction placed AESC under Envision ownership and enabled the company to pursue a broader international manufacturing footprint.
2016
Nissan chooses to divest its AESC stakeStrategyBackground
Nissan concluded that ownership of an in-house battery producer limited its ability to compare and purchase batteries from external suppliers.
Action taken
The automaker began seeking a buyer for its controlling interest and related battery operations.
Aftermath
The initial proposed transaction with GSR Capital did not close, and the business was subsequently sold to Envision Group in 2018.
Recent events
Reported
Mercedes-Benz announces battery supply partnership with Envision AESC[4]
Mercedes-Benz announced a partnership under which Envision AESC will supply battery modules for the EQS and EQE electric SUVs and serve as a main battery supplier to support Mercedes-Benz EQ-series capacity in the United States.
Sources5 sources
- 1Automotive Energy Supply Corporationen.wikipedia.org
- 2AESC pauses USD 1.6 billion South Carolina battery plant amid tariff and policy uncertaintym.caixin.com
- 3AESC pauses USD 1.6 billion South Carolina battery plant amid tariff and policy uncertaintyautoplantbrief.com
- 4梅赛德斯-奔驰宣布与远景动力达成电池供应合作finance.sina.com.cn
- 5远景动力与梅赛德斯-奔驰达成合作，为EQ系列产品提供动力电池yicai.com
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