AIM ImmunoTech
AIM ImmunoTech is a U.S. biopharmaceutical company developing immune-modulating and antiviral therapies, particularly the double-stranded-RNA drug Ampligen.
Last updated August 24, 2026
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Overview
AIM ImmunoTech is a United States biopharmaceutical company based in Ocala, Florida. The company researches and develops therapeutics intended to address cancers, viral diseases, and immune-deficiency disorders. It was established in 1990 under the name Hemispherx Biopharma Inc. and adopted the AIM ImmunoTech name in September 2019. The company’s best-known development program is Ampligen, the trade name for rintatolimod. Ampligen is a synthetic double-stranded-RNA immunomodulator designed to stimulate selected innate immune pathways. AIM ImmunoTech has investigated the compound across a range of potential uses, including several cancer types, ovarian cancer, COVID-19, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The company has described research involving activation of Toll-like receptor 3, or TLR3, as part of the compound’s proposed biological activity. AIM ImmunoTech has also been associated with Alferon N Injection, a recombinant human interferon alfa-n3 product. This product sits within the company’s antiviral and immune-related portfolio, although product availability, approved uses, and commercial status may vary by jurisdiction and over time. The company’s activities have centered on laboratory research, clinical studies, regulatory work, and efforts to advance or commercialize its immune-modulating and antiviral products. Publicly described programs include studies examining Ampligen in ovarian cancer and investigations into possible applications against the virus responsible for COVID-19. These programs reflect the company’s strategy of applying immune-response modulation to diseases where conventional antiviral or cancer treatments may be insufficient. AIM ImmunoTech has also undergone significant corporate and reporting changes. Before its 2019 name change, Hemispherx restated certain historical financial statements, including revisions associated with warrants, debentures, and related accounting treatment. Those events form part of the company’s corporate history but do not by themselves establish the current commercial or scientific status of its products. The company remains a specialized biotechnology developer rather than a broad consumer pharmaceutical brand. Its identity is closely linked to Ampligen and to research into immune signaling, antiviral defense, and oncology. Because the regulatory status, clinical progress, and availability of its products can change, current indications and commercialization should be confirmed through contemporary company, clinical-trial, and regulatory disclosures.
History
AIM ImmunoTech was founded in 1990 as Hemispherx Biopharma Inc. The company developed a specialized biotechnology identity around immune modulation and antiviral medicine rather than around a broad portfolio of conventional pharmaceutical products. Its principal research asset became Ampligen, also known as rintatolimod, a synthetic double-stranded-RNA compound intended to influence innate immune signaling. The company’s history includes efforts to advance Ampligen for multiple disease areas. Research programs have addressed cancers, viral infections, immune-deficiency disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, and, later, COVID-19. The company has particularly emphasized the compound’s relationship with TLR3, a receptor involved in recognizing double-stranded RNA and initiating aspects of the innate immune response. In June 2018, Hemispherx described findings that Ampligen activated TLR3 without producing certain regulatory T-cell effects, presenting the result as potentially useful for tumor-focused treatment research. By June 2019, the company was reported to be operating five studies examining Ampligen in ovarian cancer. The program was supported in part through capital raised from shareholders. These studies illustrate the company’s development model: pursuing a core immune-modulating technology across several indications while seeking clinical and regulatory evidence for each potential use. Corporate reporting has also been part of the company’s documented history. In 2001, Hemispherx adjusted and restated its 1999 financial statements in connection with charges related to an extension of the exercise period for certain warrants. In 2006, it restated reported results for 2003 and 2004 because of accounting errors involving debentures and warrants issued from March 2003 through August 2005. These events are relevant to the company’s reporting history, although the available reference material does not provide enough information to characterize them beyond the stated restatements. On September 3, 2019, Hemispherx Biopharma changed its corporate name to AIM ImmunoTech. The new identity continued to center on the company’s immunotherapy and antiviral research. The name change separated the current brand from the earlier Hemispherx identity while retaining continuity in the underlying business and product programs. The COVID-19 pandemic created another application area for Ampligen. On March 12, 2020, the company announced that it was testing the compound as a possible treatment for the novel coronavirus associated with COVID-19. This represented an expansion of the company’s antiviral development focus, but the cited material does not establish a final approval, broad commercialization, or definitive clinical outcome for that program. AIM ImmunoTech has also been associated with Alferon N Injection, a recombinant human interferon alfa-n3 product. Together with Ampligen, it represents the company’s broader interest in medicines that affect antiviral defense or immune activity. The available reference material does not provide a complete chronology of Alferon N’s development, approvals, manufacturing, or sales. The company’s documented trajectory is therefore that of a small, research-oriented biopharmaceutical developer whose corporate name changed in 2019 and whose scientific identity remains strongly tied to Ampligen. Its potential applications span oncology, viral disease, and immune-related disorders, but the status of individual indications and programs must be assessed using current regulatory and clinical sources.
- 2020
Ampligen investigated for COVID-19
[1]The company announced testing Ampligen as a possible treatment for the virus associated with COVID-19.
- 2019
Corporate name changed to AIM ImmunoTech
[1]Hemispherx Biopharma adopted the AIM ImmunoTech name on September 3, 2019.
- 2018
Ampligen TLR3 research reported
[1]The company reported findings concerning Ampligen’s activation of TLR3 and its possible relevance to cancer treatment research.
- 2006
2003 and 2004 results restated
[1]Hemispherx restated results for 2003 and 2004 following accounting errors involving debentures and warrants.
- 2001
1999 financial statements restated
[1]The company revised its 1999 financial statements in connection with charges related to certain warrant exercise-period changes.
- 1990
Company founded as Hemispherx Biopharma
[1]The company was established in 1990 under the Hemispherx Biopharma name.
Products and positioning
Specialized biopharmaceutical developer focused on immune modulation, antiviral therapies, and oncology applications.
Immune-modulating therapeutic
Ampligen
Ampligen, also known as rintatolimod, is a synthetic double-stranded-RNA immunomodulator and AIM ImmunoTech’s principal development program. The company has investigated it across oncology and infectious-disease applications, including ovarian cancer, other tumor types, chronic fatigue syndrome, and COVID-19. Its proposed activity includes stimulation of innate immune signaling through TLR3. The cited material does not establish a single current regulatory status for all indications.
Interferon product
Alferon N Injection
Alferon N Injection is a recombinant human interferon alfa-n3 product associated with AIM ImmunoTech’s antiviral and immune-related portfolio. Interferon medicines work by influencing immune and antiviral responses, but the available reference material does not provide a complete account of this product’s current approvals, markets, supply, or commercial status.
Brand decisions
2020
Ampligen program expanded toward COVID-19OtherBackground
The emergence of COVID-19 created demand for potential antiviral and immune-modulating treatments.
Action taken
On March 12, 2020, the company announced that it was testing Ampligen as a possible treatment for the novel coronavirus.
Aftermath
The cited source confirms the announced testing but does not establish a definitive clinical, regulatory, or commercial outcome.
2019
Corporate rebranding from Hemispherx Biopharma to AIM ImmunoTechStrategyBackground
The company had operated for decades under the Hemispherx Biopharma name while focusing on immune-modulating and antiviral therapeutics.
Action taken
It changed its corporate name to AIM ImmunoTech on September 3, 2019.
Aftermath
The new name became the company’s current corporate identity and continued to be associated with Ampligen and related immune-therapy programs.
Recent events
Reported
Smoore and AIM extend inhalation-device research agreement[2]
Smoore announced that its subsidiary Shenzhen Smoore Technology Limited entered into a two-year extension of its research agreement with AIM ImmunoTech to develop and test a new inhalation delivery device for Ampligen.
Reported
AIM ImmunoTech reports 2019 year-end financial results[3]
AIM ImmunoTech announced financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and provided a business update.
Sources3 sources
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