ArcelorMittal

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A multinational steel and mining company and one of the world's largest steel producers.

Last updated November 4, 2026

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First read: Nov 4, 2026
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Overview

ArcelorMittal is a Luxembourg-headquartered multinational steel and mining group created through Mittal Steel's acquisition of Arcelor. The transaction was agreed in 2006 and completed in 2007, combining Lakshmi Mittal's rapidly internationalizing steel business with Arcelor, the European producer formed through the 2001 combination of Aceralia, Usinor and ARBED. The resulting company was, at the time, the world's largest steelmaker and became one of the most geographically diversified businesses in the sector. The group makes flat and long steel products, semi-finished slabs and billets, wire products, tubes and specialized grades for automotive, construction, engineering, energy, appliances, packaging and general industry customers. Its business is vertically integrated: mining operations supply iron ore, while coke production, direct reduced iron, scrap processing and steelmaking support the group's raw-material requirements. Mining assets and interests have included operations or projects in Brazil, Canada, Liberia, Mexico, Ukraine and South Africa, together with joint ventures and associates in other jurisdictions. Steel production has historically been concentrated in Europe and the Americas, with additional operations in Africa and Ukraine. ArcelorMittal expanded significantly after its formation through acquisitions and joint ventures. Early transactions included Sicartsa in Mexico, a controlling interest in China Oriental Group and the acquisition of Essar Steel in India with Nippon Steel. It also bought or inherited major North American assets associated with Bethlehem Steel, Inland Steel and International Steel Group. Some businesses were subsequently divested as the group adjusted its portfolio, including ArcelorMittal USA, sold to Cleveland-Cliffs in 2020, and several European operations sold to Liberty House. The company has also developed a substantial recycling business, particularly through acquisitions in the United Kingdom and Germany. The group has faced the structural pressures common to heavy industry: cyclical demand, global overcapacity, volatile energy and raw-material costs, trade restrictions, environmental regulation and the capital intensity of decarbonization. These pressures have led to temporary idling, permanent closures, plant sales and restructuring in several countries. The company has invested in higher-strength automotive steels, coated products, low-carbon production technologies, direct reduced iron and hydrogen-related projects. Its automotive business is a particularly important specialized market, while construction steel, infrastructure products and mining remain central to the wider portfolio. ArcelorMittal is controlled by the Mittal family but listed internationally, including on Euronext Amsterdam, Euronext Paris, the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and the Spanish stock exchanges. Lakshmi Mittal has served as executive chairman and Aditya Mittal as chief executive officer. The company continues to operate as an integrated steel-and-mining group, balancing global scale with regional production networks and a long-term transition toward lower-emissions steel.

History

ArcelorMittal's history combines the consolidation of European steelmaking with the international expansion of the Mittal group. Arcelor was established in 2001 through the merger of Aceralia of Spain, Usinor of France and ARBED of Luxembourg. Mittal Steel, descended from the Ispat group, had meanwhile assembled steel assets across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia through an acquisition-led strategy. Mittal Steel's purchase of Arcelor was agreed in 2006 and completed in 2007 after a contested bidding process. The transaction produced a company that represented roughly a tenth of world steel output and was then the largest steel producer globally. The new group continued to expand selectively. It acquired Sicartsa in Mexico, increased its holding in China Oriental Group and expanded its mining base. It also inherited or controlled important North American assets linked to Bethlehem Steel, Inland Steel and International Steel Group. Some merger-related divestments were required for regulatory approval, including the sale of the Lackawanna and Sparrows Point facilities. During the global financial crisis, the company reduced production and closed or idled capacity as demand fell. In the early 2010s, ArcelorMittal pursued portfolio reshaping as European overcapacity became a persistent issue. Its stainless-steel division was spun off as Aperam in 2011. The company sold businesses including Skyline Steel and Astralloy, while attempting to preserve strategic automotive, mining and high-value flat-steel assets. Its dispute with the French government over Florange illustrated the political sensitivity of steel closures and employment. The company later made investments in advanced automotive grades, including the Usibor 2000 product launched in 2016. The group also encountered regulatory and legal problems. It was fined in the European Commission's prestressed-steel cartel case and was found by South African competition authorities to have engaged in historical price fixing. In Senegal, an arbitration tribunal allowed the government to cancel a delayed iron-ore and railway project and awarded compensation. Environmental and safety concerns have repeatedly accompanied operations, including complaints around Kazakhstan and regulatory findings at the Indiana Harbor mill. From 2017 onward, acquisitions and divestments again altered the geographic footprint. ArcelorMittal combined Brazilian long-steel activities with Votorantim, proposed projects in India and Karnataka, acquired the Calvert, Alabama facility with Nippon Steel, and led the acquisition of Ilva in Italy. In 2019 it and Nippon Steel acquired Essar Steel through India's insolvency process. The company subsequently sold a group of European assets to Liberty House and divested ArcelorMittal USA to Cleveland-Cliffs in 2020. The 2020s brought greater emphasis on recycling, direct reduced iron and decarbonization alongside continued restructuring. ArcelorMittal acquired recycling businesses in Scotland, Germany and the Netherlands, bought an 80% interest in a Texas hot-briquetted-iron plant, and acquired Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém in Brazil. It exited its Kazakhstan assets after the Kostenko mine disaster and reduced or closed selected operations in Germany, South Africa, Canada and Romania as energy costs and weak orders affected competitiveness. The company also increased its interest in Vallourec in 2024. Its present identity is therefore that of a globally listed, family-influenced steel and mining group whose strategy combines integrated raw materials, specialized steel products, asset recycling and investment in lower-emissions production.

2024
Vallourec stake is acquired
[8]ArcelorMittal announces investment in Valloureccorporate.arcelormittal.com
ArcelorMittal purchases a 27.5% interest in seamless-tube producer Vallourec from investment funds managed by Apollo.
2023
Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém is acquired
[7]ArcelorMittal announces acquisition of Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecémcorporate.arcelormittal.com
ArcelorMittal acquires the Brazilian slab and blast-furnace producer, strengthening its South American platform.
2020
ArcelorMittal USA is sold
[6]ArcelorMittal announces sale of ArcelorMittal USAcorporate.arcelormittal.com
Cleveland-Cliffs acquires the United States business, subject to customary closing conditions.
2019
Essar Steel acquisition
[5]ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel complete Essar Steel acquisitioncorporate.arcelormittal.com
ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel acquire Essar Steel through India's corporate insolvency process.
2018
Ilva acquisition is completed
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
The company-led consortium takes over the Italian steel producer subject to investment and environmental conditions.
2014
Calvert facility is acquired
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel acquire the Alabama carbon-steel facility and operate it as a 50/50 partnership.
2011
Aperam is spun off
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
The stainless-steel business is separated into the independently listed Aperam group.
2007
Merger is completed
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
The combined company begins operating as ArcelorMittal and becomes the largest steelmaker in the world at that time.
2006
Mittal Steel agrees to acquire Arcelor
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
A contested acquisition agreement establishes the framework for the future global steel group.
2001
Arcelor is created
[1]ArcelorMittalen.wikipedia.org
Aceralia, Usinor and ARBED combine to form Arcelor, which later becomes the European side of the ArcelorMittal merger.

Products and positioning

A globally integrated steel and mining leader positioned around scale, raw-material integration, technical steel grades, customer-specific solutions and the transition to lower-carbon steel production.

Automotive materials
Automotive steel
A broad portfolio of exposed, coated, press-hardened and advanced high-strength steels for vehicle bodies, chassis and safety structures. The products are designed to combine crash performance, formability, corrosion resistance and weight reduction, and are supplied to vehicle manufacturers and component producers.
Advanced high-strength steel
Usibor
Usibor is a press-hardening steel family used for automotive structural and safety components. Its high strength allows manufacturers to reduce material thickness while retaining structural performance. The Usibor 2000 grade was introduced as a higher-strength development in the company's automotive-steel portfolio.
Construction steel
Construction and infrastructure steel
Structural sections, bars, plates, wire rod and related products used in buildings, bridges, transport infrastructure, energy projects and industrial structures. The offering covers both standard construction materials and engineered grades intended for demanding load, durability and fabrication requirements.
Flat carbon steel
Flat and coated steel
Hot-rolled, cold-rolled, galvanized and other coated flat products serving automotive, appliances, packaging, engineering and general manufacturing customers. Coatings and surface treatments provide corrosion protection and support downstream forming, painting and finishing processes.
Mining and raw materials
Iron ore and metallics
Iron ore concentrates, pellets and other iron-bearing materials produced from or supported by the group's mining interests. ArcelorMittal also participates in coke, direct reduced iron and hot-briquetted-iron activities, helping integrate raw-material supply with steelmaking.
Recycling
Steel recycling
Collection, processing and preparation of ferrous scrap for use in electric-arc furnaces and other steelmaking routes. The recycling business supports raw-material security and the company's efforts to increase circularity and reduce the emissions intensity of suitable steel products.

Controversies

2025
Fos-sur-Mer environmental proceedings
The company faced judicial supervision in France after residents and environmental groups brought proceedings concerning pollutants allegedly discharged by its Fos-sur-Mer facility.
Source
2020
Numsa announces planned picket at ArcelorMittal sites over potential job cuts
The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa announced plans to picket at multiple ArcelorMittal SA sites over a retrenchment process and proposed cuts. According to the reported article, the company was consulting employees and contemplating retrenchments. The announcement concerned the union's planned picket activity in connection with that retrenchment process and the proposed cuts.
Source
2018
Pollution complaints near Temirtau
Residents attributed black snow and air-quality concerns in Temirtau, Kazakhstan, to emissions from the local steel plant. The company disputed the explanation and pointed to stagnant weather.
Source
2016
South African price-fixing finding
South African competition authorities found historical price-fixing conduct involving the company's operations and imposed a fine together with a capital-investment undertaking.
Source
2014
Senegal iron-ore project arbitration
An arbitration tribunal awarded Senegal compensation and permitted cancellation of a contract after the company failed to advance a planned iron-ore and railway project.
Source
2011
European prestressed-steel cartel fine
The European Commission fined ArcelorMittal in a cartel case concerning prestressed-steel conduct spanning 1984 to 2002. The company received the largest individual fine in the decision.
Source

2023
Acquire Companhia Siderúrgica do PecémM&A
Background
The Brazilian slab producer offered additional steelmaking capacity and a strategic position in northeastern Brazil.
Action taken
ArcelorMittal acquired the company and its integrated slab-producing facility.
Aftermath
The acquisition strengthened ArcelorMittal's Brazilian production and export platform.
Reported acquisition value. $2.2 billion (2023)
Source
2020
Sell ArcelorMittal USAM&A
Background
The company reassessed its North American portfolio during a period of market volatility and industry consolidation.
Action taken
ArcelorMittal agreed to sell its United States operations to Cleveland-Cliffs.
Aftermath
The sale reduced the group's direct United States footprint while retaining other North American assets and partnerships.
Transaction value. $1.4 billion approximately (2020 announcement)
Source
2019
Acquire Essar Steel with Nippon SteelM&A
Background
Essar Steel entered India's insolvency process, creating an opportunity to acquire a large modern steelmaking platform.
Action taken
ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel acquired Essar Steel and established a joint operating structure.
Aftermath
The transaction created one of the group's principal Indian businesses, AM/NS India.
Source
2016
Launch Usibor 2000Product launch
Background
Vehicle manufacturers were seeking stronger steels to reduce vehicle weight while maintaining crash protection.
Action taken
ArcelorMittal introduced Usibor 2000, a higher-strength press-hardening automotive steel.
Aftermath
The launch reinforced the company's strategy of competing through advanced automotive grades rather than commodity volume alone.
Source
2012
Idle and restructure European blast-furnace capacityStrategy
Background
European steel demand weakened while excess capacity and competitive pressure increased.
Action taken
The company idled several furnaces and announced the closure of two Florange furnaces before reaching a later investment agreement with the French government.
Aftermath
The decision intensified debate about employment, industrial policy and the future of European primary steelmaking.
Source
2011
Spin off the stainless-steel divisionStrategy
Background
The group separated its stainless-steel activities from the carbon-steel and mining businesses.
Action taken
Aperam was created as an independently listed company.
Aftermath
ArcelorMittal became more focused on carbon steel, mining and related industrial materials.
Source

Recent events

2021.11
Reported2021.11.24
ArcelorMittal, Orange and Ericsson launch 5G Steel project[10]安赛乐米塔尔、Orange与爱立信启动5G Steel项目telecompaper.com
ArcelorMittal, Orange Business Services and Ericsson launched the 5G Steel project in France in November 2021 to deploy an industrial 4G/5G network.
2021.11.01
Reported2021.11.01
ArcelorMittal workers strike at Shelby plant[11]ArcelorMittal Shelby工厂员工罢工richlandsource.com
Nearly 500 employees at ArcelorMittal's Shelby plant were on strike after the company and United Steel Workers Local 3057 failed to reach an agreement during contract negotiations. The union representative cited issues including work schedules, healthcare costs and pensions.
2021.07.30
Reported2021.08.03
ArcelorMittal announces investment in Ontario plant technology[12]安赛乐米塔尔宣布投资安大略工厂技术改造agmetalminer.com
ArcelorMittal announced plans to invest C$1.77 billion in new technology at its Dofasco plant in Ontario, with the stated plan to transition steelmaking to a direct-reduced-iron and electric-arc-furnace route.
2021.04.14
Reported2021.04.14
ArcelorMittal Italia to be renamed Acciaierie d'Italia[13]ArcelorMittal Italia将更名为Acciaierie d'Italiafinanznachrichten.de
The investment agreement announcement said AM InvestCo Italy would be renamed Acciaierie d'Italia Holding and its main operating subsidiary, ArcelorMittal Italia, would be renamed Acciaierie d'Italia.
2021.04.14
Reported2021.04.14
ArcelorMittal completes investment agreement with Invitalia[13]ArcelorMittal Italia将更名为Acciaierie d'Italiafinanznachrichten.de
ArcelorMittal said it completed an investment agreement with Italian state-owned company Invitalia, forming a public-private partnership. Invitalia injected €400 million into AM InvestCo Italy in return for a 38% shareholding and equal voting rights with joint control.
2021.02.09
Reported2021.02.09
ArcelorMittal announces sale of Cleveland-Cliffs shares[14]安赛乐米塔尔宣布出售 Cleveland-Cliffs 股份finanznachrichten.de
ArcelorMittal announced an agreement to sell 40 million Cleveland-Cliffs common shares through a fully underwritten public market offering. The announcement describes this as a divestment and says proceeds will be used for an ArcelorMittal share buyback programme.
Unconfirmed
Cleveland-Cliffs announces planned purchase of ArcelorMittal’s US operations[15]Cleveland-Cliffs宣布计划收购ArcelorMittal美国业务wsws.org
Cleveland-Cliffs announced plans to purchase ArcelorMittal’s US manufacturing operations for $1.4 billion. The proposed transaction includes steel plants, coal-coking plants, and iron-ore mining operations.
2020.09.28
Reported2020.09.29
ArcelorMittal agrees to sell ArcelorMittal USA[16]安赛乐米塔尔同意出售安赛乐米塔尔美国公司powderbulksolids.com
ArcelorMittal entered into an agreement to sell all shares of ArcelorMittal USA to Cleveland-Cliffs in a $1.4 billion transaction.
Unconfirmed
Numsa announces planned picket at ArcelorMittal sites over potential job cuts[9]Numsa announces planned picket at ArcelorMittal sites over potential job cutsnews24.com
The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa announced plans to picket at multiple ArcelorMittal SA sites over a retrenchment process and proposed cuts. The company was consulting employees and contemplating retrenchments, according to the article.
2020.05.29
Reported2020.05.29
Carbon Connect Delta project consortium formed[17]Carbon Connect Delta项目联盟成立en.portnews.ru
A consortium of Belgian and Dutch companies set up the Carbon Connect Delta project, beginning with a feasibility study on carbon capture, utilisation and storage in the North Sea Port area. The consortium expected to complete the study by the end of 2020.

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