Boeing

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American multinational aerospace and defense company.

Last updated November 4, 2026

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Overview

Boeing is an American multinational aerospace and defense company that designs, manufactures, services, and supports commercial airplanes, military aircraft, rotorcraft, spacecraft, satellites, rockets, missiles, and related systems. Founded in Seattle in 1916 by lumber entrepreneur William E. Boeing, the company began with seaplanes and gradually developed into one of the world’s most important aircraft manufacturers. Its customers include airlines, leasing companies, governments, militaries, space agencies, and other industrial organizations across numerous countries. The company’s modern identity reflects both organic development and major corporate combinations. Its early activities expanded from aircraft construction into air transport and aviation services. The former Boeing organization became part of the United Aircraft and Transport structure during the late 1920s, but antitrust-driven separation in 1934 divided aircraft manufacturing from airline and other businesses. Boeing subsequently returned to a more focused aircraft-manufacturing model while developing long-range commercial aircraft and defense products. The 1960 acquisition of Vertol strengthened its helicopter business, and later diversification brought the company into satellites, launch systems, military electronics, and other aerospace technologies. A decisive turning point came with Boeing’s acquisition of McDonnell Douglas, completed on August 1, 1997. The transaction combined Boeing’s commercial-aircraft franchise with McDonnell Douglas’s military, space, and established commercial programs. It also made Boeing a significantly broader aerospace company and reshaped its management, engineering, production, and supplier structure. Boeing moved its corporate headquarters from Seattle to Chicago in 2001 and announced a further headquarters relocation to Arlington, Virginia, in 2022, emphasizing proximity to government customers and policy stakeholders. Boeing is organized around Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Boeing Defense, Space & Security, and Boeing Global Services. Commercial Airplanes produces the 737, 767, 777, and 787 families, including freighter and other specialized derivatives. Defense, Space & Security develops military aircraft, helicopters, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, launch vehicles, and associated systems. Global Services provides maintenance, repair, engineering, training, modifications, parts, digital services, and lifecycle support for Boeing and non-Boeing equipment. The Boeing brand has been strongly associated with technological scale, long-haul aviation, industrial reliability, and national aerospace capability. It has also faced severe reputational and operational challenges. The crashes of two 737 MAX aircraft in 2018 and 2019, followed by a worldwide grounding, exposed failures involving the MCAS flight-control system, certification communication, internal escalation, and safety governance. The 2024 Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 door-plug separation intensified scrutiny of manufacturing quality and regulatory oversight. These events led to investigations, lawsuits, financial penalties, leadership changes, production restrictions, and renewed attention to Boeing’s relationship with suppliers and regulators. Boeing remains an active global aerospace manufacturer, but its present strategy is shaped by the need to restore production discipline, improve quality assurance, rebuild confidence with airlines and regulators, manage complex defense and space programs, and develop lower-emission aviation solutions. The company reported $62.3 billion in sales in 2021, according to the cited reference material.

History

Boeing began in 1916 as Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle. William E. Boeing and Conrad Westervelt had developed the B&W seaplane shortly before the company’s formation. The business adopted the Boeing Airplane Company name in 1917 and expanded during the growth of commercial aviation and air transport. In the late 1920s Boeing reorganized its aviation interests into Boeing Airplane & Transport Corporation and later became part of United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. That group acquired or combined several aircraft, engine, airline, and component businesses. In 1931 it consolidated several airlines into United Airlines. U.S. regulatory action in 1934 required aircraft manufacturing to be separated from air transportation, producing Boeing Airplane Company as an independent aircraft-manufacturing group alongside the successor organizations that became United Technologies and United Airlines. Boeing grew through commercial aircraft programs and defense work during the twentieth century. Its product portfolio expanded beyond fixed-wing aircraft through the 1960 acquisition of Vertol Aircraft Corporation, then the largest independent helicopter manufacturer in the United States. During the 1960s and 1970s, the company also pursued space, marine, transportation, agricultural, and energy-related activities. In the 1990s Boeing participated in Sea Launch, a multinational commercial satellite-launch venture, and acquired the satellite business of Hughes Electronics in 2000. Boeing’s 1997 acquisition of McDonnell Douglas was the defining corporate transaction of the modern company. It added major military-aircraft, space, and commercial programs and made Boeing a larger competitor in both commercial aerospace and defense. The combination also generated later debate about management culture, engineering authority, production economics, and the balance between financial performance and safety. Boeing moved its headquarters from Seattle to Chicago in 2001, while retaining major engineering and manufacturing operations in the Seattle region and elsewhere. The company’s operating structure now centers on Commercial Airplanes, Defense, Space & Security, and Global Services. Commercial Airplanes manufactures the 737, 767, 777, and 787 families. Defense, Space & Security supplies military aircraft, rotorcraft, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, and launch systems. Global Services supports aircraft and defense customers through maintenance, modifications, training, parts, engineering, and digital capabilities. The 737 MAX crisis became Boeing’s most consequential recent event. Lion Air Flight 610 crashed in 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashed in 2019, killing 346 people in total. Investigations focused on the MCAS flight-control function, sensor-data assumptions, pilot information, certification delegation, and organizational decision-making. The worldwide grounding damaged Boeing’s reputation, finances, delivery schedules, and relationships with regulators and airline customers. U.S. investigations and subsequent settlements found serious shortcomings in the company’s handling of safety information. Boeing experienced further pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic, when reduced air travel weakened demand and the MAX grounding continued to affect cash flow and production. The company announced extensive workforce reductions in 2020 and additional reductions in 2023. Technical and certification difficulties also delayed the 777X program. In 2024, the Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 door-plug incident led to another FAA grounding and production-quality investigation. Boeing’s chief executive and board chair announced departures during the resulting leadership transition. Boeing continues to combine commercial aviation, defense, space, and support services, while working to improve manufacturing quality, supplier controls, regulatory relationships, and safety culture. Its future performance depends on restoring confidence in its commercial-aircraft programs, delivering complex defense and space contracts, managing labor and supplier relationships, and responding to aviation’s long-term emissions challenge.

2024
Alaska Airlines door-plug incident
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
A 737 MAX 9 door plug separated in flight, prompting an FAA grounding, inspections, and expanded production oversight.
2022
Arlington headquarters relocation announced
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Boeing announced plans to move its global headquarters to Arlington, Virginia.
2020
Pandemic-related restructuring
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
The pandemic and MAX grounding produced major losses, workforce reductions, and production changes.
2019
Second 737 MAX fatal crash and global grounding
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashed, after which regulators and airlines grounded the 737 MAX worldwide.
2018
First 737 MAX fatal crash
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Lion Air Flight 610 crashed, beginning the sequence of events that led to the global 737 MAX grounding.
2001
Headquarters moves to Chicago
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Boeing transferred its corporate headquarters from Seattle to Chicago.
1997
McDonnell Douglas merger is completed
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Boeing completed its acquisition of McDonnell Douglas on August 1, creating a broader commercial, defense, and space company.
1960
Vertol acquisition expands helicopter capabilities
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
Boeing acquired Vertol Aircraft Corporation and strengthened its rotorcraft business.
1934
Aircraft manufacturing is separated from air transport
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
U.S. regulation broke up United Aircraft and Transport, leaving Boeing Airplane Company as a standalone aircraft manufacturer.
1917
Company adopts the Boeing Airplane Company name
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
The organization changed its name as it developed its aircraft-manufacturing identity.
1916
Pacific Aero Products is founded
[1]Boeingen.wikipedia.org
William E. Boeing founded the company in Seattle, beginning the business that later became Boeing.

Products and positioning

A global aerospace, defense, and services company positioned around large-scale aircraft manufacturing, integrated military and space systems, commercial aviation technology, and lifecycle support.

Commercial narrow-body aircraft · 1967
737 family
Boeing’s principal single-aisle commercial aircraft family, used extensively for short- and medium-haul passenger service. The MAX generation introduced updated engines and systems but became the focus of the 2018–2019 crash crisis and later quality scrutiny.
Commercial wide-body aircraft · 2009
787 Dreamliner
A twin-engine wide-body family designed for long-range routes and improved operating efficiency. The 787 uses extensive composite structures and supports passenger configurations serving international and long-distance markets.
Commercial wide-body aircraft · 1995
777 family
A large twin-engine wide-body family available in passenger and freighter forms. The 777 has become a major long-haul platform, while the 777X represents a newer generation with larger composite wings and updated engines.
Commercial and military aircraft · 1981
767 family
A twin-engine wide-body platform used for passenger and cargo operations and adapted into military derivatives, including tanker and transport configurations. The family remains important in Boeing’s freighter and defense portfolio.
Defense and space systems
Defense, Space & Security systems
Boeing’s defense and space portfolio includes military aircraft, rotorcraft, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, launch vehicles, and associated support systems for government and commercial customers.

Controversies

2026
Boeing discloses 737 Max software glitch that could affect landing procedures
In September 2026, Boeing disclosed that it had flagged a software glitch the previous month on some 737 Max aircraft. The issue could affect certain landing procedures, specifically within the vertical navigation system after a missed approach and go-around. It could cut off automated landing guidance, for example when there is an obstruction on the runway. Boeing stated that pilots are trained for those scenarios and remain in control of the aircraft. The FAA had not concluded whether the glitch is a safety-of-flight issue. The disclosure was reported as a controversy note concerning the 737 Max program.
Source
2026
Memo shows WestJet first told Boeing about 737 MAX software glitch cleared by FAA
A memo indicates that WestJet was the first to notify Boeing about a software glitch on the 737 MAX that was cleared by the FAA, according to Reuters reporting. The memo is cited as showing WestJet's earlier notification to Boeing regarding the software issue, which the FAA subsequently cleared. The report does not provide further details on the nature of the glitch or the timing of the notification.
Source
2026
FAA opens new probe into Boeing 737 MAX navigation defect
A navigation defect on the Boeing 737 MAX has triggered a new investigation by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA opened the probe in response to the defect, according to the source. The investigation concerns the Boeing 737 MAX, a Boeing aircraft model. No further details about the defect, its causes, or the investigation's outcome were provided in the source.
Source
2026
Arab American group sues Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Caterpillar over Israel aid
The Dearborn, Michigan-based Arab American Civil Rights League and 18 individual plaintiffs filed a proposed federal class-action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan against Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Caterpillar and U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The plaintiffs allege the companies supplied weapons, aircraft, software, parts and heavy equipment to Israel despite knowing those products could be used in a manner involving unreasonable risk of harm to the plaintiffs' persons and property in Lebanon. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, including a temporary injunction halting the transfer of further instrumentalities to Israel.
Source
2025
Alaska Airlines pilot sues Boeing and Spirit AeroSystems for $10M over 2024 door plug blowout
Captain Brandon Fisher, pilot in command of Alaska Airlines flight 1282, filed a complaint on Dec. 30, 2025 naming Boeing and Spirit AeroSystems Holdings as defendants, seeking $10 million in compensatory damages plus court costs. The complaint alleges Boeing attempted to shift blame onto the pilots and intentionally and falsely claimed the crew made mistakes, using Fisher as a scapegoat for the Jan. 5, 2024 mid-exit door plug blowout.
Source
2024
Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 manufacturing-quality incident
A door plug separated from a 737 MAX 9 during flight. Investigators examined missing or improperly replaced securing hardware and broader factory quality-control processes.
Source
2021
Boeing agrees to resolve criminal charge over 737 MAX crashes
The U.S. Justice Department announced that Boeing agreed to pay more than $2.5 billion under a deferred prosecution agreement to resolve a criminal charge concerning a conspiracy to defraud regulators over the 737 MAX crashes. The department described employee conduct as fraudulent and deceptive and said Boeing concealed material information from the FAA.
Source
2021
Boeing Reaches Settlement with US Department of Justice Over 737 Max Fraud Charges
Boeing reached a settlement with the US Department of Justice following fraud and conspiracy charges related to the two fatal 737 Max crashes. The settlement included $2.2 billion in compensation for victims' families and a $243 million fine. As part of the agreement, Boeing admitted that two technical pilots deceived regulators about the aircraft's MCAS software.
Source
2021
SpiceJet and Boeing reach a settlement agreement over 737 MAX claims
SpiceJet announced that it had entered into a settlement agreement with Boeing concerning the grounding of its 737 MAX aircraft. Under the agreement, Boeing agreed to settle outstanding claims and provide certain accommodations. SpiceJet stated that the agreement paved the way for aircraft induction and resumed deliveries. The announcement concerned the resolution of claims related to the 737 MAX grounding and did not specify further terms.
Source
2021
Boeing shareholder lawsuit settlement filed
A settlement was filed in Delaware court in a shareholder lawsuit alleging that Boeing directors failed to address safety warnings before two 737 Max crashes. Insurers for the directors will pay Boeing $237.5 million, subject to fees and expenses; Boeing and the directors did not admit wrongdoing, and the deal still needs a judge's approval.
Source

Brand decisions

2022
Move global headquarters to ArlingtonStrategy
Background
Boeing cited closer access to government customers, policymakers, and other stakeholders.
Action taken
The company announced Arlington, Virginia, as its new global headquarters location while retaining substantial operations elsewhere.
Aftermath
The move reinforced Boeing’s defense and government-facing identity but did not relocate its principal commercial-aircraft engineering and production centers.
Source
2020
Reduce workforce during the pandemic and MAX groundingStrategy
Background
The collapse in air travel and continuing 737 MAX grounding created severe demand and cash-flow pressure.
Action taken
Boeing announced large-scale layoffs and production adjustments, ultimately cutting tens of thousands of positions during the downturn.
Aftermath
The reductions lowered capacity and costs but added pressure to preserve engineering, manufacturing, and quality expertise.
Sales. $62.3 billion (2021)
Source
1997
Acquire McDonnell DouglasM&A
Background
Boeing sought to combine its commercial-aircraft position with McDonnell Douglas’s defense, space, and aircraft programs.
Action taken
Boeing completed the acquisition on August 1, 1997, subject to regulatory conditions concerning airline exclusivity, accounting separation, and defense patents.
Aftermath
The transaction created a larger integrated aerospace company and later became central to debates about corporate culture and engineering governance.
Source

Recent events

2026.10.27
Reported2026.10.27
Boeing revises long-term free cash flow outlook[44]波音下调长期自由现金流预期cnbc.com
Boeing issued long-term free cash flow guidance on its earnings call, projecting $3 billion in 2027, $6 billion in 2028 and $10 billion in 2029. The article says the company expects to reach its $10 billion annual target a year later than Wall Street had modeled.
2026.10.20
Reported2026.10.20
Boeing announces Dataliner platform[45]波音宣布推出 Dataliner 平台prnewswire.com
Boeing announced Dataliner, an AI-powered data intelligence platform designed to help airlines use aviation data for fleet-wide intelligence and operational decisions. The platform was built in partnership with Microsoft.
2026.10.20
Reported2026.10.20
Boeing introduces Dataliner aircraft data intelligence platform[46]波音推出 Dataliner 飞机数据智能平台news.google.com
Boeing introduced Dataliner, a new aircraft data intelligence platform.
2026.10.16
Reported2026.10.16
FAA reportedly plans to approve Boeing 737 MAX 10[47]据报道，FAA计划批准波音737 MAX 10news.google.com
Reuters reported that the FAA was set to approve Boeing’s 737 MAX 10 as soon as the following week; the headline does not report that approval had occurred.
2026.10.02
Reported2026.10.02
FAA determines Boeing 737 Max software glitch is not a flight-safety issue, clearing path to 737 Max 10 certification[48]美国联邦航空管理局认定波音737 Max软件故障不构成飞行安全问题，为737 Max 10认证扫清障碍cnbc.com
The FAA said on Friday that its panel of safety experts and Corrective Action Review Board determined a software issue in certain Boeing 737 Max flight computers — which Boeing flagged the previous month and which could affect certain landing procedures after a missed approach — is not a safety-of-flight concern, because pilots retain full control of the aircraft and indications to the flight crew are clear and unambiguous. The determination removes a hurdle to certification of the Boeing 737 Max 10, the last model in the 737 Max family awaiting certification, and the FAA said it will issue a special bulletin to airlines on how to recognize and respond to the issue if it arises.
Weekdays and relative dates follow the original report; their exact calendar dates have not been verified.
Unconfirmed
Reported2026.10.02
Memo shows WestJet first told Boeing about 737 MAX software glitch cleared by FAA[7]Memo shows WestJet first told Boeing about 737 MAX software glitch cleared by FAAnews.google.com
A memo indicates that WestJet was the first to notify Boeing about a software glitch on the 737 MAX that was cleared by the FAA, according to Reuters reporting.
2026.10.01
Reported2026.10.01
Boeing engineers and technical workers approve new four-year contract, avoiding strike[49]波音工程师和技术人员批准新四年期合同，避免罢工cnbc.com
Boeing engineers and technical workers, represented by the Society of Professional Engineering Employees in Aerospace (about 13,000 engineers and 4,000 technical workers), approved a sweetened four-year contract that includes a 10% ratification wage increase and annual raises of 4%, with up to 6% based on merit, avoiding a potential strike. The professional unit voted 67.62% in favor and the tech unit 53.48% in favor. Boeing said it was pleased with the outcome of the vote; the approval followed the workers' rejection of an earlier offer and Boeing's increased offer in mid-September.
Unconfirmed
Reported2026.09.30
Boeing wins F/A-XX competition[50]波音赢得F/A-XX竞标news.google.com
Breaking Defense reported on Boeing's F/A-XX win, indicating Boeing won the F/A-XX competition, and analyzed what the win means for the company and what challenges come next.
Unconfirmed
Reported2026.09.30
Boeing secures $20 billion U.S. Defense Department contract for F/A-XX Strike Fighter[51]波音获得美国国防部200亿美元F/A-XX战斗机研发合同cnbc.com
Boeing secured a $20 billion contract with the defense department to develop the sixth-generation F/A-XX Strike Fighter. Boeing shares rose about 2% premarket on the news, while Northrop Grumman, which was reportedly also in contention for the contract, fell 3.5%.
Unconfirmed
Reported2026.09.29
U.S. Navy selects Boeing for F/A-XX program[52]美国海军选中波音承担F/A-XX项目news.google.com
Boeing announced that the U.S. Navy selected Boeing for the F/A-XX program.

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