Claridad

Claridad was a Chilean magazine published by the Federación de Estudiantes de la Universidad de Chile (FECH), the student federation of the University of Chile. First issued on 12 October 1920, it became the flagship publication of the so-called "generación de 1920" — a cohort of students and intellectuals who reshaped Chilean cultural and political life in the early twentieth century. Subtitled initially "periódico de sociología, arte y actualidades" and later "Periódico de sociología, crítica y actualidades," the magazine combined sociology, art, literature, political commentary and current affairs in a heterodox and wide-ranging editorial line. The publication was founded by young poets Alberto Rojas Jiménez and Rafael Yépez Alvear together with journalist and writer Raúl Silva Castro. It was inspired by the French Clarté group founded in 1919 by Henri Barbusse and Anatole France, whose pacifist manifesto "El resplandor en el abismo" was reproduced in early issues of the Chilean magazine. Claridad's stated objectives were to fight "capitalism, oligarchy and vested interests," and it cultivated anarchist and internationalist ideas while providing a platform for emerging writers. Among its most celebrated contributions was the first significant publication of poems by Pablo Neruda, then still known as Neftalí Reyes, in the "Los Nuevos" section on 22 January 1921. Other collaborators included Eugenio González Rojas, José Santos González Vera, Juan Gandulfo, Sergio Atria and Alfredo Demaría. The magazine also featured caricatures by Raúl Figueroa ("Chao") and theatrical criticism by Acevedo Hernández and Pedro Sienna. Claridad's first period ran until 1926, producing 135 issues, before being interrupted on the eve of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo. It briefly reappeared in 1931 and closed definitively in 1932 after five more issues, reaching a total of 140 numbers distributed throughout Chile. Later, the FECH revived the Claridad title as a purely student organ, but it never regained its earlier national influence. The magazine is now digitized and hosted by the University of Chile's journal portal, where its complete run is available under a Creative Commons license.

Claridad was founded in 1920 as the organ of the Federación de Estudiantes de la Universidad de Chile (FECH), but quickly transcended its student base to become the magazine of Chile's "generación de 1920." Its first issue appeared on 12 October 1920, in the midst of the presidential succession dispute between Arturo Alessandri and Luis Barros Borgoño, and at a time when the middle and popular classes were entering politics. The founders were young poets Alberto Rojas Jiménez and Rafael Yépez Alvear, along with journalist Raúl Silva Castro. The publication was inspired by the French Clarté group, founded in 1919 by Henri Barbusse and Anatole France, whose pacifist manifesto "El resplandor en el abismo" was reproduced in issues 3 through 6 of the Chilean magazine between 26 October and 13 November 1920. The second issue carried a call to form an "international of thought" and to organize world peace inspired by socialism. The magazine's editorial line was heterodox and broad, covering student, cultural, artistic, political and ideological topics. Its declared objectives were to fight "capitalism, oligarchy and vested interests." It cultivated anarchist ideas and became a symbol of the student and intellectual generation, alongside the figure of the martyr poet José Domingo Gómez Rojas. Direction passed from the founders to Carlos Caro, and later José Santos González Vera and Juan Gandulfo joined. Key contributors included Eugenio González Rojas (who signed as Juan Cristóbal), Sergio Atria (Poil de Carotte), Juan Gandulfo (Juan Canerra and Juan Guerra), Jorge Neut Latour, Alfredo Demaría, Acevedo Hernández and Pedro Sienna. Caricatures were drawn by Raúl Figueroa under the signature "Chao." A landmark moment came on 22 January 1921, when the "Los Nuevos" section published a selection of poems by Pablo Neruda, then still Neftalí Reyes, with an introduction by Fernando Ossorio (a pseudonym of Silva Castro). These verses were the first important publication signed with the name that would make him famous. Neruda joined the magazine's collaborators, using the pseudonym Sachka, and wrote weekly prose articles; his contributions numbered over a hundred, including poems that later formed his first book, Crepusculario. The magazine's first stage lasted until 1926, producing 135 issues. It was interrupted on the eve of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo. It briefly reappeared in 1931 and closed definitively in 1932 after five more issues, reaching a total of 140 numbers distributed throughout Chile. Later, the FECH revived the Claridad title under new generations of students and intellectuals, but it became a purely student university organ rather than a magazine of national influence. The complete run is now digitized and hosted on the University of Chile's journal portal, under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license.

• 1932

  Final closure after five more issues, totaling 140 numbers.

• 1931

  Brief revival of the magazine.

• 1926

  First stage ends after 135 issues, interrupted before the Ibáñez dictatorship.

• 1921

  Pablo Neruda's poems published in the 'Los Nuevos' section on 22 January.

• 1920

  First issue of Claridad published on 12 October by the FECH.

• 1920

  French Clarté manifesto reproduced in issues 3–6 (26 October – 13 November).

A vanguard cultural and political magazine of Chile's 1920 student generation, fighting capitalism, oligarchy and vested interests.

• Claridad magazine

  Cultural and political magazine published by the FECH, 1920–1932.

1. 1Claridad official websiteclaridad.uchile.cl
2. 2Sobre la revista | Claridadclaridad.uchile.cl
3. 3Claridad (revista chilena) - Wikipediaes.wikipedia.org
4. 4Declaración de privacidad | Claridadclaridad.uchile.cl
5. 5Contacto | Claridadclaridad.uchile.cl
6. 6wikidatawikidata.org