Kuk-Bure

Kuk-Bure (Bashkir: Күк Бүре, "Blue Wolf") was a Bashkir national organization founded in autumn 2006 and active until its official self-dissolution in 2018. Its full name was the Bashkir Public (later Human Rights) Movement "Kuk-Bure", abbreviated BOD/BPD "Kuk-Bure". It was created by a group of Bashkir youth activists led by Nail Faretinov and Azat Salmanov, and was registered in Salmanov's name. The movement advocated secular liberal nationalism and national democracy, and it organized rallies, pickets, and flash mobs, as well as sending letters to officials on issues affecting Bashkirs. Its membership never exceeded about 30 people, making it small compared with the earlier Union of Bashkir Youth and the later Bashkir Public Organization "Bashkort" that emerged from it. Kuk-Bure first gained wide attention in 2007 through its opposition to a federal law that removed the Bashkir regional component from education. The rallies and pickets it organized were covered extensively by regional and federal media. In 2010, during the resignation of Bashkortostan's president Murtaza Rakhimov, the organization's activities were used by federal and local opposition media to create a frightening image of Bashkir nationalism. The group's declared ideology was liberal nationalism and national democracy; within its regional national-patriotic framework it made limited but regular use of pan-Turkist elements, notably the Grey Wolves gesture used by its leader Salmanov. The organization was emphatically secular, and Salmanov allowed anti-Islamist and even anti-Islamic rhetoric. In 2014 a split occurred: all three of Salmanov's deputies — Ramzil Baynazarov, Fail Alsynov, and Ruslan Gabbasov — left and formed the Bashkir Public Organization "Bashkort", which had a similar ideology. Kuk-Bure was officially self-dissolved by Salmanov in 2018. The organization is not a commercial brand; it is a civil-society and political movement, and it is included here as a named public entity rather than a product or company.

Kuk-Bure was founded in autumn 2006 as the Bashkir Public Movement "Kuk-Bure" (later renamed Bashkir Human Rights Movement "Kuk-Bure"), abbreviated BOD/BPD "Kuk-Bure". It was created by a group of initiative Bashkir youth under the leadership of Nail Faretinov and Azat Salmanov, and was registered in Salmanov's name. The organization positioned itself within the tradition of Bashkir national organizations of the early 1990s, mainly organizing protest activity — rallies, pickets, and flash mobs — and sending letters to officials making decisions related to Bashkirs. Its declared ideology was liberal nationalism and national democracy. Within the development of regional national-patriotism, it made limited but regular use of pan-Turkist elements; in particular, leader Salmanov actively used the Grey Wolves gesture. The organization was emphatically secular, and Salmanov allowed anti-Islamist and even anti-Islamic rhetoric. Membership never exceeded 30 people, making it small compared with the previously active Union of Bashkir Youth and the later Bashkir Public Organization "Bashkort" created out of Kuk-Bure. In 2007 the organization opposed the adoption of a federal law amending certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation regarding the concept and structure of the state educational standard, which abolished the Bashkir component in education. The rallies and pickets organized by Kuk-Bure were widely covered in regional and federal media. In 2010, during the resignation of Bashkortostan's president Murtaza Rakhimov, the organization's activity was used by federal and also local but anti-Rakhimov media to create a frightening image of Bashkir nationalism. In 2014 a split occurred in the organization's ranks: all three of Salmanov's deputies — Ramzil Baynazarov, Fail Alsynov, and Ruslan Gabbasov — left and formed the Bashkir Public Organization "Bashkort", which had a similar ideology. Kuk-Bure was officially self-dissolved by Salmanov in 2018.

• 2018

  Officially self-dissolved by Azat Salmanov.

• 2014

  Split: all three deputies left and formed the Bashkir Public Organization "Bashkort".

• 2010

  Its activity was used by federal and local opposition media during the resignation of Bashkortostan's president Murtaza Rakhimov.

• 2007

  Opposed a federal law abolishing the Bashkir component in education; organized widely covered rallies and pickets.

• 2006

  Founded in autumn as the Bashkir Public Movement "Kuk-Bure" by Nail Faretinov and Azat Salmanov.

Secular liberal-nationalist and national-democratic Bashkir civic movement; small, protest-oriented, and pan-Turkist in symbolic elements.

1. 1Kuk-Bure — Wikidatawikidata.org
2. 2Кук-Буре — Википедияru.wikipedia.org