Litgrid

Litgrid AB is Lithuania's electricity transmission system operator. Its core responsibility is to operate, maintain and develop the country's high-voltage transmission network, moving electricity between generators, distribution networks, large consumers and neighboring power systems. The company is also responsible for supporting the reliable operation of Lithuania's electricity system and for carrying out strategic infrastructure projects that connect the Baltic region with the wider European electricity market. Litgrid was established in 2010 during the reorganization of Lithuania's energy sector under the European Union's Third Energy Package. The package required the separation of electricity transmission and generation activities, with the aim of strengthening network independence and promoting competition. Between 2010 and 2011, Litgrid took over ownership and maintenance responsibilities for Lithuania's electricity transmission grid from Lietuvos energija, while that group retained ownership of major generating assets. By 1 October 2012, Litgrid had been fully separated from the companies controlling electricity production, supply and distribution. The company operates infrastructure that, according to 2021 data cited in reference material, included approximately 7,000 kilometres of overhead transmission lines, more than 200 transformer substations and 17 inter-system connections. Its network historically included links to Latvia, Belarus and the Russian electricity systems, including the Kaliningrad region. In addition to routine system operation and maintenance, Litgrid manages planning, construction and modernization projects intended to improve security of supply, increase cross-border trading capacity and enable the Baltic states to operate synchronously with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area. Two of Litgrid's most important completed projects are LitPol Link and NordBalt. LitPol Link, developed with Poland's transmission operator PSE, began operation in 2015 and created the first direct electricity connection between the Baltic and Western European electricity infrastructures. The 400-kilovolt connection strengthened Lithuania's access to the European electricity market and became an important component of Baltic synchronization planning. NordBalt, developed with Sweden's transmission operator Svenska kraftnät, also entered service in 2015. It is an approximately 450-kilometre, 700-megawatt high-voltage direct-current connection using underwater and underground cable sections and converter stations in Lithuania and Sweden. The link diversified Lithuania's electricity supply options and increased access to Nordic power markets. Litgrid's current strategic role is closely associated with Baltic synchronization. In 2019, the Lithuanian Government approved 14 projects designed to help move the Baltic electricity systems away from the former IPS/UPS system and toward synchronous operation with continental Europe. These projects include upgrading LitPol Link for synchronous operation, constructing the Harmony Link connection with Poland, installing synchronous compensators and strengthening domestic transmission infrastructure. The Baltic states permanently disconnected from IPS/UPS and connected to the Continental Europe Synchronous Area in February 2025, marking a major geopolitical and technical milestone for Lithuania and the region. Litgrid is majority controlled through EPSO-G and has been publicly traded on Nasdaq Vilnius since 2010. The company is therefore both a regulated infrastructure operator and a strategically important state-influenced enterprise. Its role extends beyond commercial electricity transmission: it contributes to national energy security, European market integration, resilience, system control and the modernization of Lithuania's electricity infrastructure. Reference material states that Litgrid employs more than 300 people. Its general manager from February 2021 is identified as Rokas Masiulis.

Litgrid was created in 2010 as part of Lithuania's restructuring of the electricity sector following the European Union's Third Energy Package. The European rules sought to separate electricity transmission from generation and supply, allowing transmission-system operators to function independently from companies engaged in other parts of the electricity value chain. Litgrid became the dedicated operator and owner of Lithuania's high-voltage electricity transmission infrastructure. During 2010 and 2011, the company assumed ownership and maintenance of the transmission grid from Lietuvos energija, which retained the country's major power-generation assets. The separation process was completed on 1 October 2012, when Litgrid became fully independent from the companies controlling electricity generation, supply and distribution. This organizational change established the institutional basis for a more independent Lithuanian transmission system operator and for the development of cross-border electricity trading. Litgrid's infrastructure has included thousands of kilometres of overhead lines, hundreds of transformer substations and multiple inter-system connections. Reference material citing 2021 figures describes a network of approximately 7,000 kilometres of overhead lines, more than 200 transformer substations and 17 connections with neighboring electricity systems. These assets allow Litgrid to transmit electricity across Lithuania, connect producers and consumers, and coordinate exchanges with neighboring countries. Historically, the network included four 330 kV links with Latvia, four connections with Belarus and three connections with the Russian electricity system in the Kaliningrad region. The company's most prominent early infrastructure projects were LitPol Link and NordBalt. LitPol Link was built with Poland's transmission operator PSE. Construction took place during 2014 and 2015, and the connection began operating in 2015. The 400 kV project established the first direct connection between the Baltic and Western European electricity infrastructures. It improved access to the European electricity market and became an important building block for future synchronous operation with continental Europe. NordBalt was developed with Sweden's transmission operator Svenska kraftnät and also began operating in 2015. The approximately 450-kilometre connection has a capacity of 700 MW and combines underwater and underground high-voltage direct-current cables with converter stations in Lithuania and Sweden. It connected Lithuania more closely with the Nordic electricity market and diversified the country's electricity-import options. Reference material reports that electricity prices fell by 30 percent in the first year after NordBalt began operation; the underlying source and methodology for that figure are not separately provided here. A later phase of Litgrid's work focused on synchronizing the Baltic electricity systems with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area. In 2018, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland, together with the European Commission, signed a political agreement supporting the synchronization objective. In 2019, the Lithuanian Government approved 14 projects of special national importance. These included the planned Harmony Link connection with Poland, modifications to LitPol Link to support synchronous operation, the installation of three synchronous compensators and several domestic network upgrades. Harmony Link was planned as a roughly 330-kilometre, 700 MW high-voltage direct-current connection between Lithuania and Poland. Its planned route would connect Poland's Żarnowiec substation in Pomerania with a new 330 kV switching station at Darbėnai in Lithuania's Kretinga region. The project was initially expected to begin construction in 2023, but reference material states that it was delayed. Other synchronization-related works completed by the end of 2020 included expansion of the Bitėnai substation, construction of the Pagėgiai-Bitėnai 110 kV overhead line and reconstruction of the 330 kV line between Elektrėnai Power Plant and Vilnius. The synchronization program also included a Lithuanian electricity transmission system control and data centre. The facility was planned to support frequency control and cyber-security requirements and had been recognized by the Lithuanian Government as a project of national importance in 2015. The wider regional objective was reached in February 2025, when the Baltic states permanently disconnected from IPS/UPS and connected to the Continental Europe Synchronous Area. Litgrid is majority controlled by EPSO-G UAB, which is directly controlled by Lithuania's Ministry of Energy. Approximately 97.5 percent of Litgrid's shares are held by EPSO-G, while the company's shares have been listed on Nasdaq Vilnius since 2010. Reference material identifies more than 300 employees and names Rokas Masiulis as general manager from February 2021. The company remains a strategic infrastructure operator whose responsibilities combine network reliability, cross-border market integration, energy security and implementation of national and European electricity-system policy.

• 2025

  Baltic synchronization with continental Europe

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  In February, the Baltic states permanently disconnect from IPS/UPS and connect to the Continental Europe Synchronous Area.

• 2021

  Rokas Masiulis becomes general manager

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  Rokas Masiulis is identified as Litgrid's general manager from February 2021.

• 2020

  Initial synchronization works are completed

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  Projects completed by the end of the year include upgrades at Bitėnai, the Pagėgiai-Bitėnai 110 kV line and reconstruction of the Elektrėnai-Vilnius 330 kV line.

• 2019

  Lithuania approves 14 synchronization projects

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  The Lithuanian Government approves a national package including Harmony Link, LitPol Link upgrades, synchronous compensators and domestic transmission improvements.

• 2018

  Political agreement on Baltic synchronization

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  The European Commission and the governments of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland sign a political agreement supporting synchronization of the Baltic grids with continental Europe.

• 2015

  LitPol Link begins operation

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  The 400 kV Lithuania-Poland interconnection enters service after construction carried out with Polish operator PSE.

• 2015

  NordBalt begins operation

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  The 700 MW Lithuania-Sweden interconnection enters service, linking Lithuania with the Nordic electricity system.

• 2012

  Operational separation is completed

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  On 1 October, Litgrid becomes fully separated from the companies controlling electricity generation, supply and distribution.

• 2010

  Litgrid is established

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  Litgrid is founded during the reorganization of Lithuania's energy sector under the EU Third Energy Package and its shares begin trading on Nasdaq Vilnius.

• 2010

  Transmission-grid transfer begins

  [1]Litgriden.wikipedia.org

  Litgrid begins taking ownership and maintenance responsibility for Lithuania's electricity transmission grid from Lietuvos energija.

A national critical-infrastructure operator positioned around reliable high-voltage electricity transmission, regional energy security and Lithuania's integration into the European electricity system.

• Transmission service · 2010

  Electricity transmission network operations

  Litgrid operates and maintains Lithuania's high-voltage electricity transmission system. The network carries electricity between power plants, substations, distribution networks, large users and cross-border interconnectors. Reference material describes approximately 7,000 kilometres of overhead lines, more than 200 transformer substations and multiple international connections.

• Cross-border interconnection · 2015

  LitPol Link

  LitPol Link is a 400 kV electricity connection between Lithuania and Poland developed with PSE. It began operating in 2015 and created the first direct connection between the Baltic and Western European electricity infrastructures. The link supports cross-border electricity exchange and is being adapted as part of the Baltic synchronization program.

• High-voltage direct-current interconnection · 2015

  NordBalt

  NordBalt is a roughly 450-kilometre, 700 MW connection between Lithuania and Sweden. It uses underwater and underground high-voltage direct-current cables and converter stations in both countries. Developed with Svenska kraftnät, the link entered operation in 2015 and provides Lithuania with access to the Nordic electricity system.

• Planned high-voltage direct-current interconnection

  Harmony Link

  Harmony Link is a planned approximately 330-kilometre, 700 MW connection between Poland and Lithuania. The proposed route links the Żarnowiec substation in Poland with a planned Darbėnai switching station in Lithuania. It is intended to increase the Baltic region's connection capacity with continental Europe and support synchronous operation. Reference material states that the project was delayed after an original construction target of 2023.

• 2019

  Implementation of the Baltic synchronization programStrategy

  Background

  The Baltic electricity systems were preparing to move from the IPS/UPS system toward synchronous operation with continental Europe.

  Action taken

  Lithuania approved 14 projects, including Harmony Link, LitPol Link modifications, synchronous compensators, network reinforcements and a transmission-system control and data centre.

  Aftermath

  The program culminated in the Baltic states' permanent connection to the Continental Europe Synchronous Area in February 2025.

  Source

• 2015

  Launch of LitPol Link and NordBaltProduct launch

  Background

  Lithuania needed stronger electricity links with European and Nordic power systems to diversify supply and improve market integration.

  Action taken

  Litgrid completed LitPol Link with PSE and NordBalt with Svenska kraftnät; both interconnections entered operation in 2015.

  Aftermath

  Lithuania gained direct transmission links to Poland and Sweden, improving cross-border exchange and supporting the long-term synchronization objective.

  Source

• 2010

  Creation of an independent transmission operatorStrategy

  Background

  Lithuania reorganized its electricity sector to comply with the EU Third Energy Package, which required greater separation of electricity transmission from generation and supply.

  Action taken

  Litgrid was established and began taking over ownership and maintenance of the national electricity transmission grid from Lietuvos energija.

  Aftermath

  The operational separation was completed in October 2012, giving Lithuania a dedicated transmission-system operator.

  Source

1. 1Litgriden.wikipedia.org